Typy ekwiwalencji i ich relewancja dla relacji pomiędzy językiem wyjściowym a językiem docelowym w kontekście tłumaczenia tekstów (fachowych)

Abstract

In the article there are introduced several types of lingual equivalence and their relevance for the relations between source language and target language. Different types of equivalence, e.g. denotative, connotative, text-normative, pragmatic and formal equivalence, are demonstrated and analysed. There are also provided examples in various languages for each of the aforementioned equivalence types. Furthermore, the text contains the review and explication of selected methods used by translators to cover the lack of (appropriate) equivalents between two languages, like adaptation, paraphrase, using an expression with similar meaning, loan translation etc.