The Precariousness of Human Existence in William Shakespeare’s Plays: A Ukrainian Perspective

Abstract

The study of precarity has emerged as a new theoretical interest in the humanities in response to contemporary global crises such as military conflicts, terrorist attacks, the COVID-19 pandemic, ecological disasters, and climate change. In the Ukrainian context, where war and geopolitical instability remain ever-present, the exploration of precarity resonates deeply. This article examines the exploration of the precariousness of human existence in William Shakespeare’s plays through a distinctly Ukrainian lens. It engages with the ongoing war in Ukraine, the nation’s experiences of trauma, loss, resilience, and with the therapeutic potential of Shakespeare-related programmes. Drawing on Judith Butler’s theory of precariousness and precarity, this essay analyses how Shakespeare’s plays address the fundamental vulnerabilities of human life linked to health, race, and social inequities. It pays particular attention to the precariousness of human existence, with a focus on the realities of war, political power, and the system of government. The plays used in the analysis are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Henry V, Richard II, and Richard III. The paper concludes that Shakespeare’s exploration of precarious existence speaks not only to the fragility of life in his time but also mirrors the existential challenges faced by Ukrainians today, making his works relevant to both local and global audiences.