Decentralizacja a integracja i globalizacja
Streszczenie
It is commonly recognised today that such phenomena as integration and globalisation
appeared in the world economy in the second half of the 20th century and they are a result
of liberalisation of the economic policy adopted by particular countries and, thus, decentralisation
of their economic systems. Meanwhile, it should be admitted from the historical point of view
that they were already present at the time when strictly centralised economic systems
dominated in these countries. Both in the countries of slave type and in feudal countries
integration phenomena assumed two dimensions. The first of them was such that economically
strong countries displayed aspiration to subordinate other countries to themselves. The other
dimension of integration in slave and feudal countries took the form of a desire to preserve
a country’s territorial unity. For such system to be able to operate effectively it was necessary
to ensure an effective way of a country’s integration. An example of such unusually effective
integration of a feudal country is Japan’s economy in the Tungava’s period.
Moreover, deliberations presented in the article indicate that there exist close relationships
between such phenomena as centralisation, integration and globalisation. First of all, although integration phenomena can be found in countries with centralised systems these phenomena
are of a forced out type. Main benefits from integration are derived in such case by
a hegemonic entity. Secondly, contrary to appearances a high centralisation degree of
economic systems in particular countries does not promote natural integration processes. Such
processes find the most favourable conditions in countries characterised by economic systems
with limited decentralisation resulting from legal regulations followed in them, which civilise
the market system. Integration phenomena in such case consist in aspirations to standardise
these regulations in associating countries. Hence, the speed with which these aspirations are
fulfilled and their scale determine the scale of integration of the world economy and,
consequently, the scale of its globalisation.
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