Postavenie ûstrednÿch orgânov Stâtnej sprâvy v československej federâcii

Abstract

The author analyses the relationship between establishing of new organs of state administration and the idea of the federal state. In the conditions of the federation some relatively independnt systems of central state administration exist, conducted by particular authorities and corresponding representative organs.The competence of federal and republican organs of central state administration is based on the Czechoslovak Federation Act and other legal regulations. The federal structure of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic results in a structure different from that of a Unitarian state. The Czechoslovak Federation Act divided the former Unitarian state functions between the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on one hand, and the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic on the other. Some matters have been committed to the exclusive competence of the CSSR and others to the joint competence of the CSSR and both republics, or else to the exclusive competence of either republic. The exclusive competence of the federation covers foreign affairs including foreign policy, international contracts, representation of the CSSR and decisions on war and peace, defence of the CSSR, monetary matters, federal state material resources, federal legislation and administration within the competence of the federation, supervision of activity of federal organs, and protection of constitutional principles of the federation. The exclusive competence of the federation is based on the principle that in the above fields only the legislative and executive organs of state authorities, organs of state administration and federal judicial organs may operate. The joint competence of the federation and both republics covers planning, finance matters, banking system, fixing of prices, economic relations with foreign countries, industry, agriculture and food, transport, post office and telecommunication, development of science and technology, capital investments, labour and social policy, statistics, economic arbitration, industrial norms, legal situation of corporations, internal order and safety, the press, supervision. The exclusive competence of republics covers particularly such matters as: the health service, education,, culture, home trade, justice, forestry and water resources, land-surveying and mapping, granting of academic degrees, safety of work. The present development of the system of state administration, from the point of view of its organization, consists of development of traditional forms of state administration, but also gradual establishing and developing of new organs of state administration. This phenomenon is closely accompanied by a process of disappearing of certain previously existing administrative organs.