Source data for the publication Has Warsaw internalised its low - emission zone? Changes in travel behaviour and air quality in the first year of the zone (dataset)

Abstract

The dataset deposited in the repository constitutes source material accompanying the publication “Has Warsaw internalised its low-emission zone? Changes in travel behaviour and air quality in the first year of the zone”, which presents an initial assessment of Warsaw’s Low-Emission Zone. The dataset covers three observation periods: March 2024 as the pre-implementation stage, October 2024 as the early post-implementation period, and March 2025 as the follow-up after the first months of the zone’s operation. The data are grouped into two analytical areas: the Low-Emission Zone and the remaining part of Warsaw. The database consists of three complementary components: environmental data on PM1, PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 concentrations; private transport data, including hourly traffic-volume profiles; and public transport data covering buses, trams and the metro, including passenger entries, exits, boardings and alightings. It also includes information enabling the analysis of fleet composition, vehicle emission standards, and differences between days of the week and times of day. The dataset makes it possible to reproduce the key analyses presented in the article, including temporal and spatial comparisons, peak-hour identification, assessment of changes in travel behaviour, and comparison of these changes with observed air-quality indicators. The data are aggregated and intended to support transparency, reproducibility and further research on the effects of urban low-emission zones.