Ladies-in-waiting environment which constituted the queen’s closest circle, is usually a group of a dozen or so women – matrons, ladies-in-waiting, servants and female servants. Source records relating to the everyday, ...

The aim of the article is to analyze the image of women in satirical epigrams from calendars written by Stanisław Niewieski (ca. 1645–1699), professor of physics, mathematics and medicine, rector of the Zamość Academy. His ...

The article presents the case of conscious disregard of social norms and interference in the course of the court process by Zofia Gorzkowska from Sędziejewice, wife of the deputy judge of Brzeg Gorzkowski, coat of arms ...

The aim of the article is to present the image of a woman as a perpetrator of a prohibitedact. The basis for the analysis is the published court book of two vicars general of the Archdiocese of Gniezno, Sędek of Czechel ...

Marie de’ Medici was the second wife of Henry IV and gave birth to the heir to the throne, and then several healthy children, including two other sons. It seemed, therefore, that her position as queen was unassailable. ...

Books of villains (crime books, libri maleficorum) began to be written down in Poland since the 15th century. They are an invaluable source for learning about past criminal law, both substantive and procedural. In this ...

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the group of women who were tried by city courts in the 16th–18th centuries for infanticide, pimping, witchcraft and arson. In the light of the legal codes of the time, these ...

The article is devoted to a conflict within the Zamoyski family in the early 1620s. Anna Zamoyska (née Wiśniowiecka), widow of the Crown Field Warden and Castellan of Chełm Jan Zamoyski, was accused of sending witches to ...

This study examines the contrasting historical narratives surrounding Queen Bona Sforza, focusing on her 1537 response to her accusers amidst the noble rebellion. Bona’s tenure as queen consort, notably marked by economic ...