Kobiety i kobiecość w twórczości Sade'a

Abstract

In Sade’s thought we find two archetypes of woman: a virtuous woman, who is identified with the victim and vicious woman who is identified with the libertine. The virtuous woman has all the features of femininity’s construct — she is gentle, caring, and tries to protect her virginity at all costs. Sade despises all these features and his ideal of woman is prostitute. Sade especially disdained mothers and motherhood, because it is contrary to the laws of nature which desires only destruction, not reproduction. Libertines usually have ambivalent attitude towards their mothers — desire them and want to kill them at the same time. Also, the image of the mother in Sade’s works is not unambiguous — apart from virtuous mothers who are despised he described vicious mothers, who kill their infants. The second part of article is an attempt to defend the thesis that Sade’s works contain a feminist message. Above all, Sade wanted to liberate women from the construct of femininity, which dictates them virtue and modesty. For this reason women portrayed by him might seem masculine — because they lack features typically considered feminine. Therefore the vision of women in Sade’s work is emancipatory — both compared to his contemporaries and some of his interpreters.

In Sade’s thought we find two archetypes of woman: a virtuous woman, who is identified with the victim and vicious woman who is identified with the libertine. The virtuous woman has all the features of femininity’s construct — she is gentle, caring, and tries to protect her virginity at all costs. Sade despises all these features and his ideal of woman is prostitute. Sade especially disdained mothers and motherhood, because it is contrary to the laws of nature which desires only destruction, not reproduction. Libertines usually have ambivalent attitude towards their mothers — desire them and want to kill them at the same time. Also, the image of the mother in Sade’s works is not unambiguous — apart from virtuous mothers who are despised he described vicious mothers, who kill their infants. The second part of article is an attempt to defend the thesis that Sade’s works contain a feminist message. Above all, Sade wanted to liberate women from the construct of femininity, which dictates them virtue and modesty. For this reason women portrayed by him might seem masculine — because they lack features typically considered feminine. Therefore the vision of women in Sade’s work is emancipatory — both compared to his contemporaries and some of his interpreters.

In Sade’s thought we find two archetypes of woman: a virtuous woman, who is identified with the victim and vicious woman who is identified with the libertine. The virtuous woman has all the features of femininity’s construct — she is gentle, caring, and tries to protect her virginity at all costs. Sade despises all these features and his ideal of woman is prostitute. Sade especially disdained mothers and motherhood, because it is contrary to the laws of nature which desires only destruction, not reproduction. Libertines usually have ambivalent attitude towards their mothers — desire them and want to kill them at the same time. Also, the image of the mother in Sade’s works is not unambiguous — apart from virtuous mothers who are despised he described vicious mothers, who kill their infants. The second part of article is an attempt to defend the thesis that Sade’s works contain a feminist message. Above all, Sade wanted to liberate women from the construct of femininity, which dictates them virtue and modesty. For this reason women portrayed by him might seem masculine — because they lack features typically considered feminine. Therefore the vision of women in Sade’s work is emancipatory — both compared to his contemporaries and some of his interpreters.

In Sade’s thought we find two archetypes of woman: a virtuous woman, who is identified with the victim and vicious woman who is identified with the libertine. The virtuous woman has all the features of femininity’s construct — she is gentle, caring, and tries to protect her virginity at all costs. Sade despises all these features and his ideal of woman is prostitute. Sade especially disdained mothers and motherhood, because it is contrary to the laws of nature which desires only destruction, not reproduction. Libertines usually have ambivalent attitude towards their mothers — desire them and want to kill them at the same time. Also, the image of the mother in Sade’s works is not unambiguous — apart from virtuous mothers who are despised he described vicious mothers, who kill their infants. The second part of article is an attempt to defend the thesis that Sade’s works contain a feminist message. Above all, Sade wanted to liberate women from the construct of femininity, which dictates them virtue and modesty. For this reason women portrayed by him might seem masculine — because they lack features typically considered feminine. Therefore the vision of women in Sade’s work is emancipatory — both compared to his contemporaries and some of his interpreters.

W twórczości Sade’a spotkamy dwa archetypy kobiety: kobietę cnotliwą, utożsamianą z ofiarą oraz kobietę występną, utożsamianą z libertynką. Kobieta cnotliwa skupia w sobie wszystkie cechy tradycyjnie składające się na konstrukt kobiecości — jest łagodna, opiekuńcza, wstydliwa, stara się zachować swoje dziewictwo. Wszystkie te cechy są przez Sade’a pogardzane, zaś ideałem kobiety jest dla niego prostytutka. W swoich dziełach Sade ze szczególną pogardą odnosi się do matek i macierzyństwa, ponieważ stanowi ono zaprzeczenie praw natury, która pragnie jedynie destrukcji, nie rozmnażania. Libertyni zazwyczaj mają ambiwalentny stosunek do swoich matek — jednocześnie ich pożądają i pragną je zabić. Również sam wizerunek matki nie jest jednoznaczny — obok matek cnotliwych, będących obiektem pogardy, znajdziemy też matki występne, które niejednokrotnie uśmiercają swoje dzieci. Druga część artykułu jest próbą obronienia tezy, iż twórczość Sade’a niesie w sobie feministyczne przesłanie. Przede wszystkim de Sade chciał wyzwolenia kobiet od konstruktu kobiecości, który narzucał im cnotę i wstydliwość. Z tego powodu przedstawione przez niego postaci kobiet mogą wydawać się męskie — ponieważ nie mają cech typowo uznawanych za kobiece. Dlatego też wizja kobiet w dziełach Sade’a ma wymiar emancypacyjny, zarówno w porównaniu z twórczością współczesnych mu pisarzy jak i z poglądami wielu jego interpretatorów.

In Sade’s thought we find two archetypes of woman: a virtuous woman, who is identified with the victim and vicious woman who is identified with the libertine. The virtuous woman has all the features of femininity’s construct — she is gentle, caring, and tries to protect her virginity at all costs. Sade despises all these features and his ideal of woman is prostitute. Sade especially disdained mothers and motherhood, because it is contrary to the laws of nature which desires only destruction, not reproduction. Libertines usually have ambivalent attitude towards their mothers — desire them and want to kill them at the same time. Also, the image of the mother in Sade’s works is not unambiguous — apart from virtuous mothers who are despised he described vicious mothers, who kill their infants. The second part of article is an attempt to defend the thesis that Sade’s works contain a feminist message. Above all, Sade wanted to liberate women from the construct of femininity, which dictates them virtue and modesty. For this reason women portrayed by him might seem masculine — because they lack features typically considered feminine. Therefore the vision of women in Sade’s work is emancipatory — both compared to his contemporaries and some of his interpreters.