Z badań grodzisk średniowiecznych powiatu gliwickiego w pół wieku później

Abstract

In 1970, two Silesian archaeologists, Zbigniew Bagniewski and Eugeniusz Tomczak, carried out the first survey verifications of objects in the Gliwice district, considered in older, pre-war literature as relics of late medieval motte and bailey castles. These researchers covered a total of seventeen alleged settlements with small surveys, confirming the existence of only nine such structures located in the following towns: Chechło, Ciochowice, Gliwice-Łabędy, Kozłów, Pniów, Rudno, Widów and Żernica. In recent years, these strongholds have been largely subjected to archaeological research, both excavation and non-invasive methods. Excavation works, supplemented with often non-invasive ones, were carried out, among others at the positions in Kozłów, Pniów, Łabędy or Ciochowice. These studies also led to more detailed findings regarding the chronology of the functioning of residential and defence facilities, as well as their layout. In some cases, the multi-phase nature of the seats and the construction of newer manor buildings on the relics of older ones have been proven, which was certainly due to the specific tradition of the place. In the last 50 years since the verification work in 1970, further sites have also been discovered that are likely remnants of motte objects. Summing up, it can be concluded that some cone-shaped settlements require verification, some further field research, and some are still waiting to be discovered. The availability of laser scans of the area and the increasing number of precise aerial photos taken allowing for more in-depth landscape studies will certainly allow the discovery of new positions of this type in the future.

W 1970 r. archeolodzy Z. Bagniewski i E. Tomczak dokonali weryfikacji podgliwickich obiektów, uznawanych w przedwojennej literaturze za relikty grodzisk późnośredniowiecznych. Pracami sondażowymi badacze ci objęli siedemnaście domniemanych grodzisk, potwierdzając istnienie dziewięciu w podgliwickim: Chechle, Ciochowicach, Łabędach, Kozłowie, Pniowie, Rudnie, Widowie oraz w Żernicy. W ostatnich latach część obiektów ponownie weryfikowano archeologicznie oraz geofizycznie. Badania te pozwoliły na doprecyzowanie chronologii obiektów oraz ich rozplanowania. W części przypadków dowiedziono wielofazowości siedzib i wznoszenia nowszych dworów na reliktach starszych. W ciągu ostatnich 50 lat od prac w 1970 r. odkryto również kolejne stanowiska, które stanowią pozostałości rezydencji typu motte.