Finansowanie szpitali na podstawie metody Grup Relacji Diagnostycznej (DRG)

Abstract

The authors tackle the problem of a choice of financial instruments intensifying administration of hospitals. The point of departure is a critical evaluation of hitherto used methods of financing hospitals according to really incurred costs and on the basis of a constant person-day or person-hospitalization rate. A peculiar antitype of these methods is the US method of diagnosis related groups, i.e. a method of diagnostic groups. It excludes material costs and costs connected with personnel training. Each patient is classified in one of several hundreds of diagnostic groups distinguished on the basis of the analysis of hundreds thousands of patients cards. Classification criteria - an organ requiring hospital treatment, kind of medical procedure, main diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, main and secondary treatment procedure, age. Rate of a hospital's remuneration is a lump sum. There are taken into consideration: structure of services according to diagnostic groups, their standard costs according to rural and urbanized regions, coefficient of adjustment for inflation. An advantage of this method is that it leads to increased effectiveness in the functioning of hospitals, its drawback - it stimulates an inclination to admit lighter cases, and the fact that it omits the socio-economic status of patients.