Neoinstytucjonalne koncepcje polityki gospodarczej
Streszczenie
The author has made an attempt to present views of the leading representatives of the American neoinstitutionalism on the two main models of economic policy pursued by the contemporary capitalist state i.e. monetary-credit policy and fiscal-financial policy, and refer them to experience of the US economy.
According to neoinstitutionalists (among others, C. E. Ayres, J. M. Clark, G. Colm, J. К . Galbraith), the monetary-credit policy is most favourable for the strongest and the most developed part of the economy and, on the other hand, it discriminates its weakest and least-developed part. The main instrument of the monetary-credit policy i.e. the interest rate should be fixed at a decent, relatively low level, because it is more advantageous for debtors than creditors. In the international dimension a high interest rate intensifies the international indebtedness crisis. Hence the final conclusion formulated by neo institutionalists - it is necessary to restrict considerably the use of monetary-credit policy.
Further to such a conclusion, neoinstitutionalists propose that there should be expanded and strengthened the use of instruments of the fiscal-financial policy i.e. taxes and state expenditure. They recommend here that an appropriate tax policy should be started with determining state expenditure, whose stream should be tied with needs of society and not big capitalist corporations (monopolies).
The last part of the article contains confrontation of theoretical assumptions with economic practice of the United Stated during the last few years.
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