Innowacyjność i technologie w Polsce - próba oceny ostatniej dekady

Abstract

The aim of the article is an attempt to evaluate the state and changes of innovation of Poland and Polish enterprises and their importance on the technological map of the region over the last decade. The evaluation is bad. A little percentage of firms implements innovations and the share of innovative products/services in the overall sales revenue is small. Moreover, the trend of these indicators is detrimental - their values (in scope of research, which was possible on incomplete data) showed decreases. Indicators of innovations on the scale of the entire market (not just the scale of the enterprise itself), which by definition reach lower values, showed also downward trend. Expenditures on innovation activities during the observed period are increasing, but in terms of real growth (inflation!) this increases are very slow. Also the structure of these expenditures is not desirable: a significant part of them are investments in fixed assets (machinery and equipment, lands and buildings), and small part are expenditures on technological know-how (own firms' research and development, acquisition of knowledge from external sources). Innovativeness of Poland as the whole country, measured by synthetic indicator called Summary Innovation Index, compared with other countries is at very low level, and there is no improvement of it in the last years. There is little fast-growing technology companies in Poland, and from those distinguishing only minority represent more promising branches than the Internet, while among their foreign competitors software producers are dominating. Except indicating the problem article is also a good basis for further research, particularly for the analysis of the causes of the state shown here.