Naukowe podstawy planowego kształtowania cen w ZSRR
Streszczenie
The author presents properties of prices as a special socio-economic category. In
an interesting way there are discus sed causes of relative independence of prices in
relation to their value bas is and causes of prices: deviation from value on one hand,
and of isolation of price movement from value movement. Dynamics of price movement, apart from commodity value movement, is affected by changes in distribution of newly produced values, changes in the money purchasing power and price scale,
changes in the social significance of the commodity, differences in demand-supply
ratio on the scale of commodity groups, differences in growth rate of labour productivity and wages. Economic fructification of effects of technical progress and reduction
of outlays can be present and is already present in the course of the original
distribution of the national income in the system of wages, finances with stable or
even growing prices. The author points out new socio-economic contents of price
categories in socialism as compared with capitalism, which encompass targets of
price policy, way of their fixing, role in functioning of the economy. There are
presented four functions of prices: 1) account-value function, 2) stimulating function,
3) redistribution function, 4) demand-supply balancing function. Furthermore there
are discus sed principles of price formation such as: democratic centralism of price
formation, uniform state price policy, observance of the state price discipline, reconciliation
of price stability and elasticity, uniformity of prices for similar products.