Eternal Battle — the Memory of Conflict in Belfast Murals

Abstract

The murals present in the urban space of Belfast are one of the most distinctive forms of expression of the beliefs of Northern Ireland loyalists. Their symbolism and depictions of historical events that create a coherent imagery not only produce a network of associations and symbols, but they also contribute to maintaining the group’s distinctive identity. This article provides a detailed analysis of murals themselves as a medium, as well as that of the motifs appearing on those of them which still exist within city’s landscape. The heraldic and vexillological symbols discussed are placed within the broader context of loyalist ideology and worldview. The role of paramilitary organisations in the creation of the system of symbols present in the cityscape is being examined. Recurring depictions of historical events on the city walls are being discussed within the broader context of the narrative of the past favoured by loyalists in Northern Ireland. Loyalist art constructed the image of reality in this way. The role of memory of the past in creating the contemporary social imaginary plays a special role in this discussion. These reflections, which align with the research on national myths, lead to conclusions regarding the role played by memory politics and historical narratives in creating a sense of religious, ethnic and political distinctiveness. This analysis is particularly relevant in the context of the changes that have been taking place in Northern Irish society in recent decades, including those related to the Brexit process.