Thomasa Paine'a ujęcie doktryny prawnonaturalnej: prawo naturalne wobec rewolucji

Abstract

The natural-law doctrine drawing its roots from the political philosophy of modern authors such as Locke and Hobbes, undeniably affected the two great revolutions of the Eighteenth century, and also created the foundation for modern democratic systems. Notwithstanding these frequently emphasized dependencies, the above article focuses on something else, namely transformations inside the very doctrine and modifications of its elementary concepts (esp. natural law) catalyzed by the revolutions. Originally unalterable natural law of superior divine provenance, has proved to be insufficient in the face of the progress of human socio-political consciousness and required modernizations, among which Paine's project is significant and noteworthy example.