Znaczenie kategorii problemów w planowaniu rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa

Abstract

The authors point at the fact that the strategic planning plays a leading role in preparation of developmental processes within anenterprise. Its specific feature is its capacity to anticipate problems and solve them conceptually. However, not all problems are of a strategic character. The strategic character of a problem is conditioned by a result of predicting consequences, which may emerge as a result of postponing the solving of a problem. The authors distinguish among cognitive, evaluative and executive problems. Among problems of a special kind are those to be solved in the process of planning, which are characterized by their great complex ity. It means there exist many a lternatives allowing to achieve desirable goals, uncertainty i.e . existence of events difficult to predict, and dynamics making it necessary to modify goals with passage of tlltle. The solving of developmental problems may be divided in to previous and "keeping-pace" sequences. The previous sequence consists ininitiating, distinguishing and solving successively cognitive problems: identification, diagnostic and prognostic problems. In turn, the basis for initiating the "keeping-pace" sequence is a previously obtained solution of an evaluative problem, which constitutes a basis for solving an executive problem. In Poland, the planning of development tended to be limited to the fragmentary solving of technical problems while in the countries with market-oriented economies the solving of market problems in the planning of development consistsin searching for a proper "product-market" combination. The necessity of searching for new methods of the projection of future in these countries has caused that the planning of development is treated there as a process coordinating and integrating market, technical and organizational problems, and as a point of departure for the formulating of development strategy.