Mikrotoponimia chińska. Chińskie nazwy miejsc widokowych

Abstract

The paper deals with the various attitudes of Chinese place name researchers to the issue of microtoponymy, its scope and its position in the Chinese naming system of the Peoples’ Republic of China. It presents the only classification of names called “microtoponyms”, as found in the Chinese works on toponyms. It points out some difficulties in interpretation caused by heterogeneous divisional criteria, and shortly discusses the main types and groups of Chinese microtoponyms. The paper pays attention to some specific features of microtoponyms as belonging to a certain category of place names, as well as to their features due to the Chinese naming tradition and the characteristics of the Chinese language and its writing system. The more elaborated description concerns the chosen group of names, i.e. Chinese names of scenic spots, classed as microtoponyms belonging to the Chinese landscape park names. Chinese terms and the examples of Chinese microtoponyms are presented as written in Pinyin transcription, Chinese characters, translation into Polish made by the author, and, sometimes, translation into Polish or English according to the referred sources.