This paper analyses the issue of convergence in the Baltic Sea Region countries and tries to assess the effect of economic transformation during the period of 90s in 20th century on the process of convergence. In other ...

A participatory budgeting is a form of direct democracy, which in Poland has been gaining more and more popularity and is used in many local government units. The purpose of this article is, on one hand, to present the ...

In Poland the process of decentralization of power started in 1990.As a consequence it resulted in the restoration of local government. The efficiency and effectiveness of the decentralized political system is directly ...

The paper is an attempt to indicate some conditions causing that civic activity in Polish society is at a relatively low level, even on a local scale, which should promote high activity. Such a situation can be explained ...

The article is devoted to the restoration of local and regional self-governments in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.The author shows the main directions of formation the local government administration in the ...

Although elections and referenda are different in their character, the absence at the vote is promoted by many similar factors.Poles generally lack faith in democracy and the belief that their vote really counts. The turnout ...

The starting point for the present research paper is the concept of civic competence, which was originally formulated by R. Dahl. In the adopted model civic competence is viewed as a four-dimensional construct consisting ...

The political participation of citizens is a fundamental element of a democratic system and guarantees the realization of democratic values.An important element of participation is the use of information technologies in ...