Osobliwości struktury społecznej Polski w ujęciu historycznym

Abstract

Peculiarities of the socialstructure of Poland in historical approach Social structureis understood here as the construction and setting of socialparts, the division of society into segments and the relations among them (dependencies, distances, hierarchies). What distinguishes Poland against the background of European countriesis the syndrome of 5peculiarities: largechanges of geographical location, ethnical and religiousheterogeneity, dichotomous structure of the nation, primacy of clergy and intelligentsia, changing locations of the country capital. Poland early moved far east, however laterit moved back to the west. Due to this, it is now in the same place as at the beginning of its history. As a result of unusual migrations, ethnical, religious, state and class structure was changing. In Middle Ages, 200–300 thousand German colonists: citizens, peasants, knights, clergysettled in Poland. Moreover, there flooded in Jews, Armenians, Scots, Dutch, Tatars and others. Polish borders embraced the majority of Bielorussians, Ukraininans, and Lithuanians. The social being and awareness had double structure. An average Pole was either a noble manor a peasant, rarely a citizen. The nation’s avant-garde was the clergy and intelligentsia, recruiting from allstates. The capital of the country was wandering from Wielkopolska to Malopolska and Mazowsze. Afterages of heterogeneity, the society is homogeneous ethnically and religiously. In the public sphere, Roman Catholic Church dominates.