Johann Christian August Heyse i jego następcy – o ważnym słowniku purystycznym

Abstract

In Germany a number of dictionaries of foreign words as lexemes were created (often called Fremdwörterbücher). The author cites about 460 dictionaries of foreign borrowings from the period 1800–2007. Dictionaries of borrowings can be divided into three categories: (1) (explanatory) dictionaries of foreign words that do not have the objective of eliminating borrowed words (expressions), but describe them in a neutral manner (German name: Fremdwörterbücher or erklärende Fremdwörterbücher), (2) Germanising dictionaries whose main purpose is to eliminate the use of foreign words and replace them with native words (Verdeutschungswörterbücher). There are suggested word replacements for foreign lexemes, and the lexeme citation is devoid of grammatical and phonetic information (or information is restricted to a minimum), (3) Germanising and explanatory dictionaries: mixed form: here there is a description of the foreign code (e.g. grammatical description, pronunciation, etymology) (German name: erklärend-verdeutschende Wörterbücher or Fremdund Verdeutschungswörterbücher), but also proposals to replace some borrowings with German equivalents. In this latter category we include the dictionary which is the subject of this article; that of Johann Christian August Heyse (1st ed.: 1804, 21st ed.: 1922).