| dc.contributor.author | Kolasa, Aleksander | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-11-20T08:56:49Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-11-20T08:56:49Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-11-19 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56745 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The article addresses the growing importance of loitering munitions in contemporary armed conflicts in light of international humanitarian law. The analysis presents the technical conditions for the operation of loitering munitions and underscores the increasing integration with artificial intelligence systems, leading to the increased autonomy of loitering munitions. The use of loitering munitions is then analyzed from the perspective of the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law: distinction and proportionality. The necessity for this analysis arises from the lack of dedicated treaty solutions governing the use of loitering munitions in armed conflict, resulting in their disproportionate and indiscriminate use. The article offers a valuable contribution to the discussion on the legality and proper use of loitering munitions as a highly advanced and forward-looking means of warfare. | en |
| dc.description.abstract | Artykuł porusza problematykę rosnącego znaczenia amunicji krążącej we współczesnych konfliktach zbrojnych w świetle międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego. Przeprowadzona analiza przedstawia warunki techniczne funkcjonowania amunicji krążącej i wskazuje na rosnącą integrację z systemami sztucznej inteligencji, prowadzącą do wzrostu stopnia jej autonomiczności. Użycie amunicji krążącej zostaje następnie poddane analizie prawnej z perspektywy fundamentalnych zasad międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego: rozróżniania i proporcjonalności. Konieczność tej analizy wynika z braku dedykowanych rozwiązań traktatowych regulujących użycie amunicji krążącej w konfliktach zbrojnych, skutkujące jej nieproporcjonalnym i niekontrolowanym użyciem. Artykuł stanowi cenny wkład do dyskusji nad legalnością i prawidłowym sposobem użycia amunicji krążącej jako wysoce zaawansowanego i przyszłościowego środka walki. | pl |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Paragraf. Studia z Prawa i Administracji;7 | pl |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | |
| dc.subject | amunicja krążąca | pl |
| dc.subject | międzynarodowe prawo humanitarne | pl |
| dc.subject | sztuczna inteligencja | pl |
| dc.subject | drony | pl |
| dc.subject | autonomiczne systemy broni śmiercionośnej | pl |
| dc.subject | loitering munition | en |
| dc.subject | international humanitarian law | en |
| dc.subject | artificial intelligence | en |
| dc.subject | drones | en |
| dc.subject | lethal autonomous weapons systems | en |
| dc.title | Loitering Munitions in Light of International Humanitarian Law | en |
| dc.title.alternative | Amunicja krążąca w świetle międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego | pl |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.page.number | 163-173 | |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Uniwersytet Łódzki, Faculty of Law and Administration | en |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 2956-3747 | |
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| dc.contributor.authorEmail | aleksander.kolasa2@gmail.com | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/2956-3747.7.14 | |