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dc.contributor.authorJADOON, ARSHAD ULLAH
dc.contributor.authorGUANG, YANGDA
dc.contributor.authorAHMAD, ANWAR
dc.contributor.authorALI, SAJAD
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-21T14:09:49Z
dc.date.available2018-09-21T14:09:49Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.issn1508-2008
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/25793
dc.description.abstractThe research investigated the determinants of Pakistan’s exports by using time series data from 1990–2016. Certain econometric tests were also applied to check cointegration among variables. A unit root test was used to check the stationarity of selected variables. After the stationarity of the data, a vector error correction model is used to estimate the effect of regressors, like foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, employment level, and consumption expenditures on a dependent variable, i.e. exports in the short run. The result shows the positive relationships that foreign direct investment, gross domestic product and employment level have on exports, and the adverse impact of consumption expenditures on the dependent variable. The study uses Johansen’s cointegration test for the long run. The results show that all the variables are co‑integrated in the long run. It is suggested that the government should encourage foreign direct investment and gross domestic product, which would help accelerate Pakistan’s exports. It is also suggested that whenever policymakers provide a trade policy, in particular, in relation to exports, then the adverse effect of exchange rate depreciation, external debt burdens, taxes, sanctions and protectionism should be quantified, and necessary measures be suggested so as to minimize any repercussions.en_GB
dc.description.abstractArtykuł przedstawia wyniki badania determinant eksportu Pakistanu, dokonanego przy wykorzystaniu danych szeregów czasowych z lat 1990–2016. Zastosowano również wybrane testy ekonometryczne w celu sprawdzenia kointegracji zmiennych. Do sprawdzenia stacjonarności wybranych zmiennych wykorzystano test pierwiastka jednostkowego. Po sprawdzeniu stacjonarności danych stosuje się model wektorowej korekty błędem w celu oszacowania wpływu regresorów, takich jak: bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, produkt krajowy brutto, poziom zatrudnienia i wydatki konsumpcyjne, na zmienną zależną, tj. eksport, w krótkim okresie. Wynik badania pokazuje pozytywny wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych, produktu krajowego brutto i poziomu zatrudnienia na eksport oraz niekorzystny wpływ wydatków konsumpcyjnych na zmienną zależną. W badaniu wykorzystano test kointegracji Johansena dla długiego okresu. Wyniki testu wskazują, że w długim okresie wszystkie zmienne są skointegrowane. Sugeruje się, że rząd powinien wspierać bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne i wzrost produktu krajowego brutto, co przyczyniłoby się do wzrostu eksportu Pakistanu. Sugeruje się również aby prowadząc politykę handlową, w szczególności w odniesieniu do eksportu, zawsze ilościowo określać niekorzystny wpływ deprecjacji kursu walutowego, obciążenia długiem zewnętrznym, podatków, sankcji i protekcjonizmu, a także proponować niezbędne działania służące zminimalizowaniu możliwych negatywnych skutków.pl_PL
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegoen_GB
dc.relation.ispartofseriesComparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe;3
dc.subjectExportsen_GB
dc.subjectGDPen_GB
dc.subjectVECMen_GB
dc.subjectFDIen_GB
dc.subjecteksportpl_PL
dc.subjectPKBpl_PL
dc.subjectVECMpl_PL
dc.subjectFDIpl_PL
dc.titleDeterminants of Pakistan’s Exports: An Econometric Analysisen_GB
dc.title.alternativeDeterminanty eksportu Pakistanu: analiza ekonometrycznapl_PL
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.rights.holder© Copyright by Authors, Łódź 2018; © Copyright for this edition by Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź 2018en_GB
dc.page.number[95]-108
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationResearch Scholar, School of Economics, Northeast Normal University Jilin, Changchun, China
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationProfessor and Doctoral supervisor, School of Economics, Northeast Normal University Jilin, Changchun, China
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationResearch Scholar, Department of Economics, Islamia University, Peshawar, Pakistan
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationLecturer Higher Education Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
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dc.contributor.authorEmailarshadjadoon22@gmail.com
dc.contributor.authorEmailyangda01@126.com
dc.contributor.authorEmailanwarswt88@gmail.com
dc.contributor.authorEmailsajad1879@gmail.com
dc.identifier.doi10.2478/cer-2018-0021
dc.relation.volume21en_GB
dc.subject.jelF14
dc.subject.jelF43
dc.subject.jelF63


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