Compact and Resource Efficient Cities? Synergies and Trade-offs in European Cities

Fertner, Christian; Große, Juliane

dc.contributor.author	Fertner, Christian	en
dc.contributor.author	Große, Juliane	en
dc.date.accessioned	2016-07-20T08:35:21Z
dc.date.available	2016-07-20T08:35:21Z
dc.date.issued	2016-07-07	en
dc.identifier.issn	1231-1952	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11089/18844
dc.description.abstract	Cities are the main consumers of energy and resources but at the same time are considered as centres for innovation which can provide solutions to unsustainable development. An important concept regarding energy and resource efficiency on the scale of the city and city-region is the compact city. Compact cities and compact urban development are thought to decrease energy and resource demand per capita and increase efficiency. At the same time trade-offs and potential rebound effects of increased resource efficiency question certain achievements of a compact urban structure. This paper reviews aspects of resource and energy efficiency in compact city development in a European context. We conclude that, if the idea of the compact city should have any effect on resource and energy efficiency, accompanying measures have to be implemented, such as e.g. efficient public transport systems to offer alternative travel modes. Also the allocation of efficiency gains due to compact urban development has to be taken into account in order to avoid direct and indirect rebound effects.	en
dc.publisher	Lodz Univeristy Press	en
dc.relation.ispartofseries	European Spatial Research and Policy;23	en
dc.rights	This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.	en
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0	en
dc.subject	compct city	en
dc.subject	resource use	en
dc.subject	spatial structure	en
dc.subject	urban form	en
dc.subject	energy efficiency	en
dc.title	Compact and Resource Efficient Cities? Synergies and Trade-offs in European Cities	en
dc.page.number	65-79	en
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation	Fertner, Christian - Christian FERTNER, Juliane GROßE, University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section for Landscape Architecture and Planning, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark	en
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation	Große, Juliane - Christian FERTNER, Juliane GROßE, University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section for Landscape Architecture and Planning, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark	en
dc.identifier.eissn	1896-1525
dc.references	ALI, A. K. (2008), Greenbelts to Contain Urban Growth in Ontario, Canada: Promises and Prospects. Planning Practice and Research, 23(4), 533–548. http://doi.org/ doi: 10.1080/02697450802522889	en
dc.references	ANDERSON, W. P., KANAROGLOU, P. S. and MILLER, E. J. (1996), Urban Form, Energy and the Environment: A Review of Issues, Evidence and Policy. Urban Studies, 33(1), 7–35. doi: 10.1080/00420989650012095	en
dc.references	ANGEL, S., PARENT, J., CIVCO, D. L., BLEI, A. and POTERE, D. (2011), The dimensions of global urban expansion: Estimates and projections for all countries, 2000–2050. Progress in Planning, 75(2), 53–107. http://doi.org/. doi: 10.1016/j.progress.2011.04.001	en
dc.references	AXELSSON, K. (2012), Global miljøpåverkan och lokala fotavtryck – analys av fyra svenska kommuners totala kunsumtion [Global environmental impact and local footprint – analysis of the total consumption in four Swedish municipalities] (No. 978-91-86125-39-4). Stockholm Environment Institute, Cogito. Retrieved from _www.sei-international.org_	en
dc.references	BEATLEY, T. (2003), Planning for Sustainability in European Cities: A Review of Practices in Leading Cities, [in:] WHEELER, S. M. and BEATLEY, T. (eds.), The sustainable urban development reader (Vols. 1–4.3, pp. 249–258). London: Routledge.	en
dc.references	CAPELLO, R., and CAMAGNI, R. (2000), Beyond Optimal City Size: An Evaluation of Alternative Urban Growth Patterns. Urban Studies, 37(9), 1479–1496. doi: 10.1080/00420980020080221	en
dc.references	CHRISTENSEN, D. A. and JENSEN-BUTLER, C. (1982), Energy and urban structure: Heat planning in Denmark. Progress in Planning, 18, 57–132. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/. doi: 10.1016/0305-9006(82)90008-3	en
dc.references	CLARK, T. A. (2013), Metropolitan density, energy efficiency and carbon emissions: Multi-attribute tradeoffs and their policy implications. Energy Policy, 53, 413–428. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.11.006 ThomsonISI: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000314192800037&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3	en
dc.references	CONNOLLY, D., LUND, H., MATHIESEN, B. V., WERNER, S., MÖLLER, B., PERSSON, U., NIELSEN, S. (2014), Heat Roadmap Europe: Combining district heating with heat savings to decarbonise the EU energy system. Energy Policy, 65(0), 475–489. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.035. ThomsonISI: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000330813800047&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3	en
dc.references	CREUTZIG, F., BAIOCCHI, G., BIERKANDT, R., PICHLER, P. P. and SETO, K. C. (2015), Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/01/07/1315545112.abstract.	en
dc.references	De ROO, G. (1998), Environmental Planning and the Compact City. A Dutch Perspective. Studies in Environmental Science, 72, 1027–1042.	en
dc.references	De ROO, G. (2000), Environmental conflicts in compact cities: complexity, decisionmaking, and policy approaches. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 27(1), 151–162. http://doi.org/. doi: 10.1068/b2614	en
dc.references	DG Regio. (2011), Cities of tomorrow: Challenges, visions, ways forward (10.2776/41803 No. 978-92-79-21307-6). Brussels: European Commission.	en
dc.references	DROEGE, P. (2011), One Hundred Tons To Armageddon: Cities Combat Carbon, [in:] BRIDGE, G. and WATSON, S. (eds.), The New Blackwell Companion to the City (Vols. 1–10, pp. 108–120). Blackwell.	en
dc.references	ECHENIQUE, M. H., HARGREAVES, A. J., MITCHELL, G. and NAMDEO, A. (2012), Growing Cities Sustainably. Does Urban Form Really Matter? Journal of the American Planning Association, 78(2), 121–137. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2012.666731 ThomsonISI: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000303613500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3	en
dc.references	European Commission. (2010), Europe 2020 – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. ThomsonISI: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288767200013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3	en
dc.references	European Commission. (2011), Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe.	en
dc.references	European Commission. (2012, December 4), Guidelines on best practice to limit, mitigate or compensate soil sealing. Commission Staff working document.	en
dc.references	European Environment Agency (EEA). (2006), Urban sprawl in Europe – The ignored challenge (Report No. 10/2006). Copenhagen.	en
dc.references	FERTNER, C. (2012), Urbanisation, urban growth and planning in the Copenhagen Metropolitan Region with reference studies from Europe and the USA. Forest & Landscape Research, 2012(54), 1–151.	en
dc.references	FUTCHER, J. A., KERSHAW, T. and MILLS, G. (2013), Urban form and function as building performance parameters. Building and Environment, 62(0), 112–123.	en
dc.references	GORDON, P. and RICHARDSON, H. W. (1997), Are compact cities a desirable planning goal? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1), 95–106. doi: 10.1080/01944369708975727	en
dc.references	HERRING, H. (2006), Energy efficiency – a critical view. Energy, 31(1), 10–20. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.055	en
dc.references	KONIJNENDIJK, C. C. (2010), The Role of Forestry in the Development and Reform of Green Belts. Planning Practice and Research, 25(2), 241–254. http://doi.org/ doi: 10.1080/02697451003740270	en
dc.references	LEWIS, J. O., HOGAIN, S. N. and BORGHI, A. (2013), Building energy efficiency in European cities. Saint-Denis: URBACT.	en
dc.references	LIEBER, M. and PREUSS, T. (2010), Flächenrecycling – neue Ergebnisse aus der REFINA-Forschung. Informationen Zur Raumentwicklung, 1, 59–70.	en
dc.references	Morrill, R. L. (1970), The spatial organization of society. Belmont, California.	en
dc.references	NÆSS, P. (1997), Fysisk planlegging og energibruk. Oslo: Tano Aschehoug.	en
dc.references	NÆSS, P. (2006), Urban Structure Matters: Residential Location, Car Dependence and Travel Behaviour. London: Routledge.	en
dc.references	NÆSS, P. and JENSEN, O. B. (2004), Urban structure matters, even in a small town. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47(1), 35–57.	en
dc.references	NEWMAN, P. W. G. and KENWORTHY, J. R. (1989), Gasoline Consumption and Cities. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55(1), 24–37. http://doi.org/ doi: 10.1080/01944368908975398	en
dc.references	Nordregio et al. (2005), ESPON 1.1.1: Potentials for polycentric development in Europe, Project report. Stockholm/Luxembourg: Nordregio/ESPON Monitoring Committee.	en
dc.references	NUISSL, H. and COUCH, C. (2008), Lines of Defence: Policies for the Control of Urban Sprawl, [in:] COUCH, C., PETSCHEL-HELD, G. and LEONTIDOU, L. (eds.), Urban Sprawl in Europe – Landscape, Land-Use Change & Policy (Vols. 1–8, pp. 217–241). Oxford: Blackwell. Retrieved from _http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=9781405139175_	en
dc.references	OECD. (1995), Urban Energy Handbook. Paris.	en
dc.references	OECD. (2011), Compact City Policies: A Comparative Assessment – Final Report. Working Party on Territorial Policy in Urban Areas.	en
dc.references	OWENS, S. (1986), Energy, planning and urban form. London: Pion.	en
dc.references	RECKIEN, D. and KARECHA, J. (2008), Sprawl in European Cities: The Comparative Background, [in:] COUCH, C., PETSCHEL-HELD, G. and LEONTIDOU, L. (eds.), Urban Sprawl in Europe – Landscape, Land-Use Change & Policy (Vols. 1–2, pp. 39–68). Oxford: Blackwell. Retrieved from _http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=9781405139175_	en
dc.references	SALAT, S. and BOURDIC, L. (2012), Urban Complexity, Efficiency and Resilience, [in:] MORVAJ, Z. (ed.), Energy Efficiency – A Bridge to Low Carbon Economy (Vols. 1–2). InTech. Retrieved from _http://www.intechopen.com/books/energy-efficiency-a-bridge-to-low-carbon-economy_	en
dc.references	SCHWANEN, T., DIJST, M. and DIELEMAN, F. M. (2002), A microlevel analysis of residential context and travel time. Environment and Planning A, 34(8), 1487–1507.	en
dc.references	SCHWARZ, N. (2010), Urban form revisited – Selecting indicators for characterising European cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96(1), 29–47. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.01.007 ThomsonISI: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000277808700004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3	en
dc.references	STEAD, D. (2001), Relationships between land use, socioeconomic factors, and travel patterns in Britain. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 28(4), 499–528.	en
dc.references	STEAD, D. and MARSHALL, S. (2001), The Relationships between Urban Form and Travel Patterns. An International Review and Evaluation. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 1(2), 113–141.	en
dc.references	STRANDELL, A. and HALL, C. M. (2015), Impact of the residential environment on second home use in Finland – Testing the compensation hypothesis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 133(0), 12–23. ThomsonISI: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000346540600002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=b7bc2757938ac7a7a821505f8243d9f3	en
dc.references	TERECI, A., OZKAN, S. T. E. and EICKER, U. (2013), Energy benchmarking for residential buildings. Energy and Buildings, 60, 92–99. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.12.004	en
dc.references	UNEP. (2013), City-Level Decoupling: Urban resource flows and the governance of infrastructure transitions (No. 978-92-807-3298-6). A Report of the Working Group on Cities of the International Resource Panel. Swilling M., Robinson B., Marvin S. and Hodson M.	en
dc.references	Van den BERG, L., BRAUN, E. and van der MEER, J. (2007), Synthesis, [in:] VAN DEN BERG, L., BRAUN, E. and VAN DER MEER, J. (eds.), National Policy Responses to Urban Challenges in Europe (Vols. 1–19, pp. 399–432). Adlershot: Ashgate.	en
dc.references	WESTERINK, J., HAASE, D., BAUER, A., RAVETZ, J., JARRIGE, F. and AALBERS, C. B. E. M. (2013), Dealing with Sustainability Trade-Offs of the Compact City in Peri-Urban Planning Across European City Regions. European Planning Studies, 21(4), 473–497. http://doi.org/ doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.722927	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, K. (2004), Does Intensifying Cities Make them More Sustainable, [in:] WILLIAMS, K., BURTON, E. and JENKS, M. (eds.), Achieving Sustainable Urban Form (pp. 30–45).	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, K., BURTON, E. and JENKS, M. (1996) Achieving the Compact City through Intensification: An Acceptable Option? [in:] JENKS, M., BURTON, E. and WILLIAMS, K. (eds.), The compact city, a sustainable urban form? (pp. 83–96). E & FN Spon: London.	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, K. BURTON, E., and JENKS, M. (2004), Achieving Sustainable Urban Form: Conclusions, [in:] WILLIAMS, K., BURTON, E. and JENKS, M. (eds.), Achieving Sustainable Urban Form (pp. 347–355).	en
dc.contributor.authorEmail	Fertner, Christian - chfe@ign.ku.dk	en
dc.contributor.authorEmail	Große, Juliane - jg@ing.ku.dk	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1515/esrp-2016-0004	en

Pliki tej pozycji

Nazwa:: esrp-2016-0004.pdf
Rozmiar:: 1.138MB
Format:: PDF

Oglądaj/Otwórz

Pozycja umieszczona jest w następujących kolekcjach

European Spatial Research and Policy Volume 23 (2016) Issue 1 [7]

Pokaż uproszczony rekord

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Poza zaznaczonymi wyjątkami, licencja tej pozycji opisana jest jako This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.