Uwarunkowania procesu transformacji na Ukrainie

Abstract

W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono główne czynniki (wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne), które wpłynęły na procesy transformacji ustrojowej w europejskich i zakaukaskich krajach postkomunistycznych. W drugiej części artykułu skupiono się na czynnikach, które zadecydowały, że jak dotychczas proces transformacji ustrojowej na Ukrainie jest bardzo słabo zaawansowany.

After the fall of the Socialist system, processes of transformation began in them. These processes were influenced by factors of both the external and the internal nature. As a result of their impact, European and Transcaucasian post-communist countries are a very diverse group of countries. Some of them (such as the current member states of the European Union and NATO) took full advantage of the weakness of Russia and are now stable democracies with an average level of the inhabitants’ life. Others are still characterised by incomplete democracy and poor society. However, the period of free elections in the studied group of countries is already coming to an end due to neo- -imperial policy of W. Putin, which is best exemplified by Russian actions in Georgia and Ukraine. Ukraine belongs to the countries that for various reasons have not made use of a historic opportunity to build a democratic and prosperous society, although after Euromaidan the country's present authorities do their best to accelerate the process of transition. Unfortunately, the Russian actions (including military ones) effectively prevent this.