Uniwersalne i specyficzne problemy procesów przemian w Europie Środkowej. W poszukiwaniu modelu

Abstract

Searching for specific features of transformation in Central European countries, the following factors are mainly taken into account: - a historical background; - social actors’ actions; - a pace and radicalism of the changes; - the mental features of a society. Poland has got the following specific features: a strong opposition against communist regime, a large trade unions opposition movement, early destruction of ancient regime, a shock therapy of economy in 1990, an alternative affiliation of social and socialist ideas (religion, Catholic Church, strong informal relations). In spite of having these positive transformation features, there was a political turn to the left in the parliamentary election of 1993. It have not changed, however, negative estimations of government activities and pessimistic views on the economy development. There should be searched another conditions of transformation than aforementioned ones because of complexity of private and public relations in 1995 in Poland. The searching should include the analysis and research of an elite, a nationalism, neighborhood relations or analysis of trade unions activities. The societal references of these studies and their comparative character decide about their usefulness for the construction of different models of transformation.