Postrzeganie korupcji - charakterystyka dawców i biorców łapówek

Abstract

The picture of bribes’ donors and acceptors, in view of figures from the past five years (1988-1993) have changed, which also reflects the major transformation of those years. While before the transformations of the system majority of bribes’ givers were the ‘customary’ people of income above the average, then in the 1990s more frequently they are persons circumscribed as wealthy, active in doing business, for which ability and quickness of acting seem vital. Within the bribes-taking fraction, usually predominate health care staff, also office workers of a different level. Since the turn into the free-market economy, corruption spreads over the new recipients, operating under the new circumstances. Furthermore, the higher in rank decision-makers began suspected to be bribable.