http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6004 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 14:07:00 GMT 2026-04-06T14:07:00Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/xmlui/bitstream/id/41ce9d97-f07d-4ce6-8851-a8e8a5b968ea/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6004 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6386 Uwarunkowania przepływu polskich bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych do krajów Unii Europejskiej. Model grawitacyjny z wykorzystaniem danych panelowych Lubacha-Sember, Judyta; Wojciecowski, Liwiusz The purpose of this article is to test the hypothesis stating that the gravity model of the international trade explains FDI flows from Poland to 27 EU member states.It has been decided to verify how using augumeted gravity model of international trade is allowed to identify push and pull FDI factors as well as internationalization motives in FDI mode. The result verified the main hypothesis positively. Investment decisions concerning the selection of the target country are determined by the size of the market measured by GDP per capita what means market seeking motive is presence. It has been empirically proven that taxation differences and labor costs (efficiency seeking motives) have a significant influence upon decisions on investment FDI in particular host countries. Mon, 01 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6386 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6381 Zadłużenie zagraniczne przedsiębiorstw jako skutek umiędzynarodowienia działalności gospodarczej Nakonieczna-Kisiel, Halina The aim of the paper is to present the effects of business operations in the world market for commodities, services and capital, focusing in particular on the growth in foreign debt.This aim is reflected in the structure of the paper. First the extent and character of business participation in the international labour organisation are shown. Next the contribution of companies to Poland’s foreign debt, as well as the development and dynamics of their debt are investigated. Eventually, the structure of instruments generating foreign debt is presented.Based on the transformations in the size and structure of debt of the analysed entities, four conclusions are formulated to complete the study. Mon, 01 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6381 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6380 Finansowe determinanty deinternacjonalizacji polskich spółek akcyjnych w latach 2008–2011 Doryń, Wirginia The purpose of this article was to outline the area of research on de-internationalization in the context of Polish enterprises. In order to achieve it, an overview of previous studies was made and an attempt at interpreting the de-internationalization on the basis of the Uppsala model and network approach was presented. The article attempts to identify the most important factors for de-internationalization in the case of Polish companies. The study included the financial statements of companies listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange belonging to electric machinery, chemical, pharmaceutical and plastics industries. In the present study, a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm has been applied. The results show that the key factors influencing the de-internationalization of Polish companies were return on sales in the previous year, growth rate of sales, size of the company and change of the operating costs indicator. The results seem to confirm the thesis that the main factor in export competitiveness of Polish enterprises is low production costs. Mon, 01 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6380 2014-09-01T00:00:00Z