http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5646 Tue, 07 Apr 2026 23:21:34 GMT 2026-04-07T23:21:34Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/xmlui/bitstream/id/bc55b215-4bdb-4bc4-8e68-1c7ac14a7909/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5646 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7730 Znalezisko denarów Bolesława Kędzierzawego na stanowisku 1 w Wilkowicach, gm. Wartkowice Blaszczyk, Jacek Most early medieval coins come from hoards, and only few are revealed by archaeological excavations. The Wilkowice coins were found in a feature defined as a hut, which contained numerous sherds of pottery made by hand and finished on the wheel. The hut was located within an open settlement. Denarii of this type (no 54 according to Stronczyński’s classification) were struck in the times of Bolesław the Curly after 1160. Accordingly, the feature that contained them dates from the turn of the 3rd/4th or from the 4th quarter of the 12th century. Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7730 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7729 Średniowieczne rezydencje obronne małopolskich Gryfitów. Uwagi do problematyki badawcze Kołodziejski, Stanisław The magnate’s Gryfita family who occupied a leading position among the feudal elite of Little Poland, especially in the 13th century, has aroused considerable interest of the historians. The studies concentrated mostly on the reconstruction of geneological links between members of several branches of the family. Attention has also been paid to their economic activies. On the other hand, the problem posed by fortified residences erected in the centres of their estates has so far been ignored. In this article the so far known buildings of this type, which owe their origin to the initiative of the Gryfita family, have been briefly characterized. Because of the not too exact archaeological recognition and the exceptionally scant historical evidence the two earliest fortified residences: one at Szaflary on the Biały Dunajec and the other at Dębno between the Dunajec and Uszwica rivers, can be included in this group only with reservation. The two castles were built in the second part of the 13th century in areas that at that time belonged to the Gryfita family. On the other hand, the attribution of other buildings described here to the initiative of the members of this family does not leave room for doubt. The motte at Zagórze, which is the relic of a fortified residenve inhabited in the 14th and 15th centuries, should be associated with the estate located in the Silesian-Polish borderland. In the early 14th century a fortified timber and earth residence was built at Gródek within the estate located on the middle course of the Dunajec, and about mid-14th century a castle of Rożnów was built nearby. The castle of Trestczyn, built by the Gryfita Trestka family on the river Bii.ła in the first part of the 14th century, is known to us from written souces and from archaeological reconnaissance. Another residence of this family was the castle at Mielec on the river Wisłok, whose location can only be established on the basis of historical and cartographical sources. On the other hand, the manor-house with a tower at Przybenice, in the forks of the rivers Nidzica and Szreniawa, though testified by 14th-century documents, cannot be exactly located. On the basis of historical sources it is possible to surmise that the well-known castle at Szymbark, built by the Gradysze family of the Gryf coat-of-arms in the first part of the 16th century, was preceded by a manor-house erected by their predecessors in the 14th cantury. Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7729 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7728 O budownictwie obronnym województwa łęczyckiego w późnym średniowieczu i czasach nowożytnych - w piętnaście lat później Kajzer, Leszek The defensive architecture of the province of Łęczyca (an area located north of Łódź, measuring over 4000 km2 in size) in the Late Middle Ages and in modem times is considered. In 1980 the author published a book on this subject (vol. I in the series „Acta Universitatis Lodziensis”, Folia archaeologica), which contains a catalogue of 77 defensive features (castles, town walls, fortified manor-houses, etc.) and describes their character and principles on which they functioned. Now, after more than 15 years since the appearance of this book, the author reconsideres the problem, scrutinizing the results of recent archaeological field researches. His findings can be summed up as follows: 1. In recent years 31 features have been excavated on the rather small scale. Test excavations for the purpose of conservation, and sondages were dominant. 2. As far as the publication is concerned, the situation is highly unsatisfactory, and in most cases the reports on the researches have not been made public. 3. Though archaeological and archaeological-architectural studies became distincly more intensive, the findings that would invalidate the hypotheses formed in 1980 were limited in number. 4. Major discoveries include a long rectangular brick manor-house at Gaj near Łęczyca, erected on a mound at the close of the 16th or in the early 17th century, and surrounded by a moat, and relics of a hexagonal tower of bricks at Sobota near Łowicz. The tower should probably be dated to the second half of the 14th or to the first half of the 15th ccntury. 5. With regard to the state of knowledge of 1980, the chronology of the features in question had to be slightly altered. Though the title of the book of 1980 refers to the 13th-17th centuries, recent excavations have failed to reveal a feature unquestionably dated to the second half of the 13th century. The earliest fortified residences date from the turn of the 13th/14th centuries, and the latest, from the 18th century. Accordingly, it seems fairly certain that the custom of building manor-houses on mounds originated in the Łęczyca region somewhat later (about 1300) and lasted longer (to about 1800) than has been surmised so far. Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7728 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7727 Szkło naczyniowe z klasztoru oo. Dominikanów w Brześciu Kujawskim, województwo włocławskie Andrzejewska, Aldona The excavations of the post-Dominican complex et Brześć Kujawski have yielded 257 glass fragments from which 76 vessels have been partly reconstructed. They include 52 narrow-neckcd bottles, 15 bell-shaped beakers, 2 jugs, 2 glasses and 4 pharmaceutic ampoules. All vessels came from layers linked with demolition and building works carried out by the monks at the close of the 18th up to the thirties of the 19th century. On the basis of stratigraphical sequence, associated finds, typological characteristics and results of chemical analyses it has been possible to assign the vessels in question to the period from the close of the 18th to the first half of the 19th century. The analysis of the chemical composition of the glass indicates that most vessels were made of sodium-calcium-potassium-magnesium glass. The ratio of particular alcaline components points to the use of raw material derived from the ashes of halophytes and of continental plants as well. Potassium glass is commonly regarded as a characteristic product of our lands. As the occurrence of the bell-beakers is also confined to Polish sites it is justifiable to assume that sodium glass has been produced in Poland at least since the end of the 18th century. Sodium glass could be made from material derived from halophytes growing in the regions of inland salt oans. The same applies to the bottles made according to sodium-calcium- potassium-magnesium recipes. Since the number of analyses of glass composition, made for selected samples, is still inadequate, errors may creep into the findings. As an example we can quote here the results of the analysis of the Brześć beakers inconsistent with data known from literature. Forest glass-works were active over the whole northern and central Europe, and so they would also produce potassium glass obtaining alcaline raw material from the ashes of ferns. Potassium bottles were also produced in France, England and other countries of that zone. Findings оГ the studies on the composition and production not only o f Polish but also of Europea glass should be tested. Mon, 01 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7727 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z