http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46303 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 05:40:27 GMT 2026-04-06T05:40:27Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46662 Sylwia Oparka, Teresa Nowicka Organizacja i technika pracy w hotelarstwie Wydawnictwo „Maria”, Polanica Zdrój 2001. Milewska, Mariola Stasiak, Andrzej Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46662 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46661 Wiesława Grzesińska, Danuta Gajewska Żywienie w turystyce, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, Warszawa 1999. Rochmińska, Małgorzata Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46661 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46659 Pozostałości kultury ludowej Kurpiów i ich wykorzystanie przez ruch turystyczny Mokras, Justyna Stasiak, Andrzej The article characterises the folk culture of the Kurpie, inhabitants of the Green Forest, its relics and use in tourism.The research was conducted in the northeastern Poland, northerly to the bend of the river Narew stretching between Łomża and Ostołęka. Five communes in the province of Kurpie such as: Kadzidło, Łyse, Lelis, Myszyniec and Zbójna together with three museums (not situated in the region of the research) such as: the Kurpie open - air museum in Nowogród Łomżyński, the exhibition of “The amber of the river Narew” in the North - Mazovian Museum in Łomża and the etnographic section in the Museum of Kurpie Culture in Ostrołęka were investigated. The Green Forest of Kurpie is the area of the original folk culture which makes it unique among other etnographic regions of Poland. The first settlers coming there in the XVII century were, first of all, people who benefited from the forest riches mostly pine timber. Settlers of that region created a specific folk culture based on forest farming. The Kurpie made a living with bee-keeping, hunting, wood - distilling, coal merchendaising and making amber ornaments. Decorative art in wood throve there having a great impact on the unique ornaments of villager’s cottages in Kurpie region (“śparogi” and ornamented label moulds - “koruny”). Household items were also produced. Inhabitants of Kurpie province were renowned for production of artistic paper cut-outs (famous cut-outs - “leluje” (lilies),”gwiazdy” (stars) and “kogutki” (roosters) and for plaiting mostly using pine roots. The isolation of this region resulted in individual features of the folk art in the Green Forest noticeable especially in sculptures (carved from wood, pastry, clay and wax) and ritual fine arts (ornaments made of tissue paper, ritual bread). Moreover, the Green Forest is abudant of customs and rituals such as preparing very high Easter palms, celebration of Corpus Christi Day or the Day of Saint Roch. One of the crucial elements of this culture is the dialect of this region belonging to the Mazurian dialect and characterised by many words specific only for the Kurpie province. Despite the significant isolation, the folk culture of this region prevailed only fragmentarily. Main relics may be observed in regional museums or are demonstrated during folk performances. However, real, authentic traditions of Kurpie can be seen in smaller villages, situated of “the beaten track”. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46659 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46442 Wpływ wydarzeń 11 września 2001 r. na turystykę światową Baczwarow, Marin; Napierała, Tomasz A new situation after terroristic assaults in the United States on the 11th of September 2001, have been attended by significant, political consequences and by economic ones especially. Bearing it in mind, an influence of this situa-tion on tourism in a wide aspect should be examined with a special interest fo-cused on consumer attitudes and behaviours of tourists. The threat of global recession seemed quite likely during a few days af-ter terroristic attacks. Economy of the United States attenuated previously by the recession of the hi - tech sector and also by decreasing consumption after the tragedy of World Trade Center, might have collapsed. Such threat is still probable. However, there appeared some opinions that the terroristic assault in the United States was the first crucial, negative symptom of globalisation phe-nomenon were. Sucking character of American economy based, in fact, on de-pendent potentials of weaker economic systems of other countries resulted, obliquely, in deepening crisis of underdeveloped countries. Thus, the most convenient solution seems to be the programme of wide-ranging help to the poorest countries, not a relief but long-term activities leading to economic, technological development and gradual independence of foreign capitals. At the same time it should be observed that the terroristic attack influ-enced economical sectors in a different way. Those who benefited are: defen-sive and electronic industries +40.7%, manufacturers of electronic cards +19.5%, insurance agancies +18.1%, cellular phone operators +15.0%, gold manufacturers +11,0%. However, there are those who lost: trade of semi-conductors: -22.3%, metal mining: -21.0%, chains of photographic shops: -20.6%, hotels: -19.2%, airlines: -18.4%. Crisis of tourism, whose likelihood was accelerated by the attack on the 11th of September, afflicted mainly the United States – the country being the largest economic market, and the dominant one in international tourism. Yet it should be clearly notified that some activities conducted by extremely lib-eral American economy resulted in the following crisis in tourism. Some lines of crucial importance to the safety of passangers e.g. security firms at airports, were totally privatised. In short terms those activi-ties were profitable both for airports and air carriers. However, September events showed their disadvantages. Undoubtedly, due to terroristic attacks the brench of tourism linked closely to air transportation, which is the main line of touristic industry in the USA, will be affected severely. First session of NYSE after the attacks which was held on the 17th of September 2001, brought about 52% drop of American airlines shares. Another direct consequence of discussed events was the decline of demand for services of American air carriers. American air-lines within a month after the tragedy as a result of a slump made about 80 thousand emploees redundant and limited carriages by about 20%. Experts predict that global losses of American air carriers after the 11th of September will amount to $ 5 billion. Equally difficult situation is observed in American hotels, especially air-port hotels catering for transit guests. Average occupancy rate in hotels throughout the USA from the 16th to the 29th of September was 54%. In January 2002 the sale of air tickets is much lower as compared to the sale last year. While discussing the crisis of travel in the United States one should pay attention to domestic tourism in the USA whose significance was strongly con-firmed by its contribution to American economy, bringing in the year 2000 $ 481.4 billion profit, more than the world international tourism. Thus, American economy does not suffer from the recess of international tourism but from the recess of domestic tourism. Initial data for the year 2001 published by TIA (Travel Industry Association of America) and prognoses for the year 2002 for the American domestic travel are not optimistic. However, in 2002 a slight increase in domestic travels of American citizens is likely. On the other hand a further drop of employment in tourism is anticipated. It is worth considering that a travel market and especially consumers’ behaviours of this market depend on many economic, social and psychological factors which determine touristic activities much stronger than threat of interna-tional terrorism. It is vital for travel industry realise the consequences of terroristic as-saults. Laying out a plan of crisis management not only of tourism sector but also of individual properties is to be or not to be for touristic industry. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46442 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z