http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19101 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 15:42:19 GMT 2026-04-06T15:42:19Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/xmlui/bitstream/id/c29c6728-a029-4af4-b93e-1493aabe17a5/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19101 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19108 Ceny żywności a nierównowaga rynkowa Starzyńska, Wacława Market disequilibrium understood as a shortage existed in the period 1975-1986 with changing intensity on particular food markets, with effectiveness of the administrative price control being dependent on specific characteristics of a given market, degree of monopolization or assortment diversity. An attempt has been made in the article to determine on which markets and in which years of the period under study we were dealing with insufficient supply. The .studies were based on published market statistics and especially detail and free-market prices and selected prices at which agricultural products were purchased from farmers. The comparative analysis of prices carried out by means of statistical indices and econometric models of prices points at. existence of a "relative" equilibrium on the market for fruit and vegetables, potatoes and eggs. Absence of price control connected with predominance of the private production sector causes that retail prices are closer here to equilibrium prices. Simple methods consisting in comparing retail prices with free-market prices and prices of purchasing agricultural products yield valuable auxiliary information allowing to evaluate the nature of disequilibrium on some food markets. Wed, 01 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19108 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19107 Zmiany relacji niektórych cen skupu, wolnorynkowych i detalicznych żywności Szablewski, Andrzej; Dankowski, Janusz Tha article contains presentation of the findings of studies on relations of prices on three main dimensions. The first of them is the analysis of relations between official prices at which agricultural products are purchased from fanners and their free-market prices. The goal’ of the analysis here is to answer the question whether there occur clear, noticeable changes in relations of prices in this sphere, and if so then how these changes should be interpreted. The next research area is the analysis of relations between purchasing prices of agricultural products and corresponding retail prices of selected foodstuffs. The main reference point for the analysis here is the guiding thesis of price reforms realized since the early eighties, which propagates a slogan of economizing the pricing system through decreasing and ultimately liquidating subsidies to prices of foodstuffs. Finally, the third dimension encompasses the analysis of retail prices in the network of socialized trade and free-market prices to be found in open-market trade. The fact that free-market prices reflect the real conditions of production and realization of food products allows to treat them as a peculiar criterion in evaluation of the quality of official regulations with regard to retail prices. Wed, 01 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19107 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19106 Ceny w zagranicznych przedsiębiorstwach drobnej wytwórczości Małecka, Ewa There are presented in the article the findings of empirical studies made in foreign-owned small firms. These firms constitute in Poland a qualitatively new type of economic units, and hence it seemed interesting to find out to what degree they are able to safeguard the accomplishment of their main goal - profit maximization in conditions of the socialist system. One of the most significant factors determining profit maximization are prices. Hence, the studies were focussed on the analysis of the level of prices, causes and directions of their changes, and the scope of influence exerted by prices on the current and long-term activity of companies. Wed, 01 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19106 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19105 Zmiany międzygrupowych relacji cen dóbr konsumpcyjnych Kwiatkowska, Walentyna The article contains the findings of empirical studies conducted in the period 1986-1987 in the field of an evaluation of influence exerted by the reform in the retail prices system on changes in their relations in an intergroup approach and an evaluation of the role played by various price-formative factors, which could cause changes in these relations. The findings in question allowed to formulate the following conclusions: - In the period under survey, the prices of non-food items were growing relatively faster than prices of foodstuffs. That is an indicator of unfavourable relations of prices from the viewpoint of rationalization of consumption and its effectiveness-promoting impact. - The cost factor does not have any significant influence on changes in relations of pricess, and especially in the case of non-food items. - The financial effect (gross profit) is of decisive importance for occurring changes in relations of prices. Wed, 01 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/19105 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z