http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1355 Mechanizmy funkcjonowania strefy euro pod red. Janusza Bilskiego i Ewy Feder-Sempach Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:32:01 GMT 2026-04-06T16:32:01Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/xmlui/bitstream/id/8a0ea39d-c542-4622-b425-655a465f3a0f/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1355 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1982 Interwencje walutowe w ERM II Konarski, Marcin Stabilizing exchange rates against euro before accession to EMU and implementation euro as an official currency is one of the Maastricht criteria. That is why the role of foreign exchange interventions will be so important. This paper offers the brief guidance on the operational aspect of foreign exchange interventions, describes and classifies the types of interventions. The paper examines effectiveness of a interventions and analyzes tactics of interventions by the countries whose currencies were or are currently in the ERM II. The conclusion answers the question how should countries deal with implementing the euro to not disturb financial markets and raise the development of economy. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1982 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1981 Słowo wstępne Bilski, Janusz; Feder-Sempach, Ewa Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1981 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1980 Proces tworzenia pieniądza międzynarodowego w Europie Bilski, Janusz The main aim of the paper is to investigate the process of creation of international currency – euro in European Monetary Union. In the paper the Author analyses four stages of the building of monetary union as well as the role of dollar and European Currency Unit (or other european currencies) as international currency. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1980 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1979 Rynki giełdowe i alternatywne systemy obrotu w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej Feder-Sempach, Ewa The main objective of this article is to present the main stock exchanges and alternative markets in European Union’s countries after MiFID implementation. The special attention is put to London Stock Exchange, NYSE Euronext, Deutsche Borse and NASDAQ OMX Group as a leaders. This paper analyses the structure of the European capital market after the MTF (Mullitirateral Trading Facilities) appearance. It seems that typical regulated markets should compete with MTF`s but they are only dividing the market. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1979 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z