http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46307 2026-04-06T04:03:44Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46918 Profil turysty odwiedzającego Indie Kriesmair, Tina; Kuźnicka, Ewa Stasiak, Andrzej A systematic growth of tourists visiting India results from a considerable interest in this country. In 2007 in the ranking of Asian countries and the Pacific Rim countries India was placed on the 11th position (WTO 2009). The analysis of the Indian tourist market enabled to observe some tendencies related to the choice of this country as a destination of international visitors, and due to this it was possible to outline a tourist profile. According to the Ministry of Tourism in India (2007) as many as 30% of all arrivals were tourists from Western Europe amounting to 1.6 million. About 1 million visitors are citizens of North America and Asia. In 2007 among countries which generated the largest number of arrivals were: Great Britain – 796 thousand, the USA – 799 thousand, Bangladesh – 480 thousand and Japan – 145 thousand. The number of tourists visiting India is still increasing. According to World Tourism Organisation (2003) about 75% of travelling all over the world is performed within the regions and therefore arrivals from Asiatic countries to India can be explained by geographic proximity. A significant share of visitors to India from such remote countries as Western Europe and North America is likely to be caused by an interest of rich North in poor South which has been observed for several years. Tourist visits depend also on weather conditions in time of the rest. The first and the last quarter of the year are the periods of the highest activity of foreign tourists (approx. 30%), the fewest visitors (18%) come to India in the second quarter of the year. Nowadays the world tourism market is observing a trend of decreasing popularity of '3S' model (sand, sun, sea) in favour of '3E' model (education, entertainment, excitement) which can be explained by a growing interest in Indian culture and exoticism. K. Podemski (2004) states that generally understood human travelling emerged from the phenomenon of pilgrimages to sacred places. As many as 34% of foreign visits are motivated by religion. India – the country where many religions had their beginnings attracts their believers which results in the development of pilgrimage tourism. A new form of culture tourism is a film tourism, Bollywood one to be precise. An image of India presented in the world famous film 'Slum-dog' attracts international tourists, which is confirmed by the increased number (100%) of searched air connections to this country. Moreover, an increased interest in visiting slums has been observed, although it may arouse many controversies. India is a country for a conscious tourist who is prepared for dissimilarity of reality in which the citizens of this country live and in which he will have to function too. In 2003 a survey was conducted in order to identify associations which would-be and really travelling to India tourists had with the country (Podemski 2004). Respondents (229 persons) answered the following question:” What are your associations with India?” The most frequent responses were stereotypical – they were: tea and elephants. However, it should be noted that in surveys various elements of the culture were mentioned. They were among others: spot on a forehead, a headscarf, Asia, Buddhism, overpopulation, religion, discrimination against women, a turban or Hinduism. It is likely that the reason of relatively high level of Indian culture consciousness among tourists is the fact that majority of visitors to India are mature people who while choosing their destinations made a more well-though out decisions. A dominating group of tourists, comprising 21%, were people aged 35–44. The remaining two age groups are 45–54 and 25–34, 19.6% and 18% respectively. Ageing of societies, first of all in Western Europe, but also the improvement of health conditions of senior citizens in rich countries leads to the increase in purchasing power of pensioners in a tourism sector. Visitors at the age of 55–64 and more than 65 amount up to over 20% of all tourists travelling to India. According to the data published by the Immigration Bureau of India (2007) it can be assumed that around 59% of foreign visitors to India are men. A significant majority of tourist coming to India are singles. The constitute over 3/4 of all visitors (Chaudhary 2000). Presumably potential tourists who are not married can more easily make decisions about remote travels. UNWTO prognoses (2009) assume that observable in the modern world loosening of family bonds will have a beneficial influence on tourism development. The main purpose of a trip to India was, first of all tourism (67%), 32% of visitors were motivated by religion, and merely 2% came to India on business (Chaudhary 2000). No wonder it is said that India can be only loved or hated. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46914 Styl życia i sposób spędzania czasu wolnego aktywnych zawodowo mieszkańców Warszawy Gheribi, Edyta Stasiak, Andrzej The huge development of education and science influenced the civilization progress and the improvement of living conditions of the life of the population, but it also caused changes in the lifestyle and the way of spending free time. The survey respondents were from Warsaw, between the age of 25–45, currently working. The survey comprised 500 respondents. The survey was conducted in 2006 and 2007. The results of the survey show, that the majority of the respondents (46,6%) possess the average physical activity. Only 15,6% admitted that they cultivated sport regularly. Unfortunately most often, the respondents spend their free time in the passive way, in front of the TV, the computer or in the cinemas. Only 19,6% declared active time spending, but not regularly. The results find confirmation in the results of different surveys. The results are very disturbing, because low physical activity is the cause of many illnesses and the fall of the quality of the living. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46913 Zarządzanie relacjami z klientami jako trwały czynnik przewagi konkurencyjnej na rynku turystyki biznesowej w sektorze targowym Drożdżyk, Maria Stasiak, Andrzej Business tourism is a customer related industry where providing the service that is actually needed and at a level that is required by the client is crucial to make a success. It is often taken for granted that the service providers know their clients and act according to the clients’ identified needs. In fact in many organizations there is no systematic and effective approach to manage relationships with their clients. The aim of this article is to present the concept of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) that could be used in business tourism and particularly trade fair and exhibition industry. Nowadays there is a need for reliable sources of sustainable competitive advantage as the level of services become comparable and relatively high it is crucial to survive on the market, but is no longer a major characteristic. Also the clients’ expectations constantly rise and the service providers need to be aware of them and not only meet but exceed them on a regular basis. The trade fair and exhibition organizers should be able to maintain long-term mutual beneficial relations with the exhibitors in the first place and also with the visitors. Only by implementing the effective system of managing these relations may the organizer or venue manager gain the knowledge about the clients and at the same time, if acting according to this knowledge, the organizer may implement the solutions that the clients are looking for. Considering long-term effects, the knowledge about the needs and opinions of exhibitors may result in creating a new valuable offer for them that would not exist if the organizer and venue manager at the same time was convinced the exhibitors would be satisfied thanks to the new infrastructure only. The article presents the opinions of selected managers on the sources of competitive advantage on the market. These sources will be analysed according to four sustainability criteria of resource based theory. Finally the article presents Peppers’ and Rogers’ approach regarding the stages of implementation of CRM concept in the organization. The examples of activity the organizer may take at every stage were given for further consideration and development. It is crucial to bear in mind that the effectiveness of these solutions can only be assessed long- -term and should be monitored on a regular basis. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46912 Szanse i ograniczenia rozwoju turystyki w Indiach Kuźnicka, Ewa; Kriesmair, Tina Stasiak, Andrzej Although India is, first of all, an agricultural country, tourism plays a significant role in its economy. In 2007 Indian tourist market gathered 0.56% of all international trips of the world. A number of foreign arrivals reached then 5.08 million placing India on 42nd position in the world ranking. Taking into consideration countries of Asia and the Pacific Rim the trips to India constituted 2.76% of arrivals in total. The increase in tourism generated income which in 2007 amounted to USD10,729 billion (India Tourism Statistics, 2007) signifies tourism development in India and its popularity among citizens of other countries. According to forecast of UNWTO the number of tourists in 2020 will reach 7% of our globe inhabitants, and their expenses are estimated at USD2 billion. As announced by the World Tourism Organisation (2009) a global condition of economy will have an significant impact on tourism development worldwide, and among these countries whose progress will have a beneficial effect on tourism India is mentioned as well. UNWTO prognosis for 2020 assumes a beneficial influence of transport development on upturn in tourism sector. As announced by India Bureau of Immigration (2008) in 2007 around 88.4% of all international tourists came by air, 11% arrived by land, and merely 0.6% by sea. The highest number of foreign arrivals in 2007 was registered at Delhi airport (31.4%) and Mumbai (23.8%). Introducing more numerous and direct flights will enable tourism development of these places which have not been easily accessible so far. The best example may be Calcutta, very attractive for tourists yet due to its low number of direct flights often passed over in offers of travel agencies. The biggest seaports in India are Mumbai, Calcutta and Madras. The most important means of communication is railway. The densest railway network can be found in the Ganges Valley and along the seaside. The least developed railway network is in Kashmir and in Dekan Upland. Road communication leaves a lot to be desired as only 1/3 of the total mileage of roads is paved. As forecast by W. Bartoszewicz and K. Łopaciński (2000) and UNWTO, intensifying urbanization processes, first of all in developing countries, will also have an impact on tourism development. According to data published by the Indian Tourist Board in 2007 accommodation base is still modest. A number of rooms in 2007 amounted to 83 thousand and differed from state to state. The highest number of rooms was recorded in Maharashtra state (approx. 16 thousand) which constitutes 20% of all accommodation available in India. Other states with a high numbers of rooms are: Tamil Nadu (approx. 10 thousand), Delhi and Kerala (approx. 9 thousand), Andhra Pradesh (approx. 6 thousand) and Rajasthan (approx. 5 thousand). In bigger towns and tourist resorts there are hotels at European standards, and also hotels classified as luxury. Three-star hotels (597) constituting 50% of all classified hotels were most frequent. One-star hotels were least numerous (53) and de lux hotels amounted to 93 (Pawłowski 2008). However, the main hindrance to tourism development is terrorism. Although India does not belong to the most dangerous countries of the world , in rankings it is often considered as the country hazardous to foreigners. The main reason of placing India on this list were terrorist attacks directed at tourists ,first of all, in hotels and various means of transport. Threat of attacks is high not only in boarding Pakistan and Bangladesh areas but even in central India. As many as 58% of respondents have stated that the risk of terrorist attacks brings about less enthusiasm of spending their holidays in Asia. About 35% of those polled give up on the trip to Asia because of threat of tsunami. However, it seems interesting that only a year after the tsunami which took place in 2004 beside those tourists who were scared of travelling to India, there were such tourists who wanted to take advantage of the situation and bought trips at much lower price. The image of India as seen by would-be and real tourists influences the tourism development. Research conducted by M. Chaudhary (2000) allows to notice disadvantages of India which are most disturbing for foreign tourists. A limited availability of night life and lower than expected hygiene level were disappointing. However, the source of nice surprise for tourists was lower than predicted problem of thefts and higher that expected standards of service provided by local tour guides. What is one of the biggest attractions of India i.e. multicultural aspect and unusual sacred assets at the same time is the main source of unrest and lack of stability which are disadvantageous to tourism. Yet, it should be remembered that both advantages and disadvantages create a unique picture of this country. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z