http://hdl.handle.net/11089/33630 2026-04-06T15:21:02Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/33856 Eutyfron i Sokrates – studium dwóch typów religijności Banicki, Konrad The question of Socrates' piety as well as all the issues that it entails (including the problem of the sources' reliability) have been mainly addressed in the theological or philosophical context. In order to broaden such an approach it may be useful to refer to another, psychological perspective. Socrates, namely, together with one of his memorable interlocutors, Euthyphro can be very interestingly analysed and differentiated in the terms of the two modes of existence distinguished by Erich Fromm. The very self-confident piety of Euthyphro, in particular, turns out to be the one of the having mode: it focuses on the possession of literally understood gods' favours and ethical purity. The analysis of the Socrates' mode of existence is slightly more difficult but still possible. As soon as some forms of Socrates' rationality (including Socratic elenchus, irony, and ignorance as well as the references to daimonion) are investigated it is argued that the Socrates' piety can be classified as specific to the being mode. It is constituted by the constant process of rational inquiry, during which the philosopher neither resigns from the application of his rational faculties nor elevates his reason to the status of the sole and absolute principle. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/33783 Przeciw Memetyce Boroch, Robert Article is a critical analysis of theoretical foundations of memetics from the perspective of 2010. In my study, I mainly discuss assumptions adopted by Polish memeticians (papers published mostly in the magazine „Teksty z Ulicy. Zeszyty memetyczne”). The article concerns “biological foundations” of memetics adopted by the researchers, which causes a transfer of the biology’s conceptual paradigm exactly to the field of memetics, since a) the research methodology of memetics has been based on achievements of virology (sic!); whereas, b) memetics itself has been called a scientific theory and; therefore, c) the subject of memetics has been determined and that is the evolution of culture. What is more, the article discusses the issue of so-called qualia. Joining the theory of memesreplicators with qualia is risky; nevertheless, it is not completely unjustified; especially, as memeticians attribute features of qualia to memes. Finally, the deliberations on memes and memetics are directed towards semiotics assuming the understanding of a group of memes as a code of a specific semantic deposit SD, which forms ℝ relation in a specific knowledge representation RW. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/33782 Problematyka wartości w estetyce Romana Ingardena Cichy, Barbara The axiological reflection, deeply rooted in a wide philosophical issue, constitutes an extremely important point in Roman Ingarden’s considerations. In hereby article, my aim is to concentrate mainly on presenting the question of aesthetic and artistic values. This division, with a distinction between a work of art and its realization, i.e. the aesthetic object, can be treated without doubt as one of the most important achievements of Ingarden’s theory of values. One part of this thesis will refer to the conception of metaphysic qualities. The philosopher consecrates a relatively modest indifference to this problem however it does not diminish the significance and meaningful role, which these qualities play in the aesthetic system created by himself. The initial overview of basic questions of the overall theory of values concerning: typology, way of existence, form and matter of values and questions related to objectivity of values, seems to be essential. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/33781 Performans językowy: Austin odczytany przez Derridę Marciniak, Magdalena Austin, proposing the theory of speech acts in 1955, wanted to restrict his analyses to everyday use of language, to how it actually operates in a heterogeneous space of communication. Derrida attacked those elements of the theory of speech acts, which guided Austin’s argumentation. Among these elements were the issue of a fixed source of expression associated with the subject’s intentionality, closure of the message by the context that can be precisely defined, exclusion by Austin citations as an example of parasitic use of language. Arguments proposed by Derrida forced the defenders of speech acts theory to rethink its basic assumptions. Exchange of arguments between deconstruction and theory of speech acts dominated the sphere of research on linguistic performances. To better understand the nature of this dispute, I will present and comment two key texts: “How to do things with words?” (Austin) and “Signature Event Context” (Derrida). 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z