http://hdl.handle.net/11089/204 2026-07-13T15:18:56Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/58851 Polityka wynagradzania osób zarządzających w bankach Wieczorek, Agata Nieefektywna polityka wynagradzania naczelnej kadry kierowniczej w instytucjach sektora usług finansowych uznana została za jedną z przyczyn ostatniego kryzysu finansowego. Polityka wynagrodzeń stosowana przez czołowe korporacje finansowe zachęcała do podejmowania ryzykownych decyzji nastawionych na wyniki krótkookresowe, które gwarantowały wysokie premie kadrze zarządzającej. Nie były uwzględniane przy tym perspektywy długookresowe, co często negatywnie wpływało na wartość spółki w dłuższym okresie. Między innymi takie działania zachodzące w sektorze usług finansowych doprowadziły do spadku zaufania inwestorów i destabilizacji rynków finansowych zarówno w wysoko rozwiniętych gospodarkach, jak i w tych rozwijających się.Po wybuchu kryzysu finansowego w Unii Europejskiej wiele uwagi poświęcono polityce wynagradzania kadry kierowniczej najwyższego szczebla w sektorze bankowym. Wynikiem tego były Zalecenia Komisji Europejskiej i Dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego dotyczące tego obszaru nadzoru korporacyjnego. Zmiany regulacji prawnych dotyczących zasad wynagradzania kadry kierowniczej w sektorze bankowym w Polsce miały miejsce dopiero od roku 2012. Istniejące w Polsce standardy, wynikające z tych regulacji, są wciąż mniej rygorystyczne niż te stosowane w większości krajów Unii Europejskiej. Dało to asumpt do podjęcia próby oceny jakości polityki wynagradzania kadry zarządzającej w bankach notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. 2016-12-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/58771 The Body and Religion Krajewska, Malwina This chapter is devoted to the relations and dependencies occurring between the human body and various forms of religious life. The discussion considers their normative, theoretical and practical aspects. First, the investigated issues refer to the historical perspective, the starting point of which encompasses contradictory—medieval and renaissance—ways of viewing corporeality in Christian Europe. The narrations that follow are concerned with the ways in which the human body is viewed throughout world religions: Islam, in which the approach propagating care and attention to the body is common; Hinduism, in which the body is a home for the soul, only a temporary manifestation entangled in the cycle of rebirth; Buddhism, for which the body is a tool to overcome suffering and to achieve the state of unconditioned happiness – enlightenment.The chapter is also devoted to the methods and techniques of using the body, which are practised by various world religions. Bodily regimens are discussed, which are supposed to control human urges, facilitate maintaining social order and raise productivity.Apart from the interpretations of human corporeality and the methods of using it, the chapter devotes significant attention to its role in ceremonies and rituals. A crucial multi-faceted symbolic dimension referring to the bodies of the seculars and saints as well as the deceased and the relics is also discussed.In addition to numerous examples of interpreting, shaping and engaging in religious practices, a reader will also find here many examples of theoretical narrations authored by classical and contemporary sociologists and anthropologists. 2026-07-06T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/58770 The Body and Time Adamczyk, Monika Dorota Body and time are frequently used notions. We understand them intuitively, like „“a wrinkle or a page of the calendar”, and we are convinced that there is nothing new that can be said in this regard. This chapter offers a different, new perspective, situating these two phenomena on evident and less evident planes. The considerations presented in this chapter guide a reader through thematical areas, explaining mutual connections between the body and the time in the context of social processes and phenomena such asthe development of the consumer culture and the accompanying “„cult of a young body”, the ageing of the global population, and the development of science and technology. Sections of this chapter are devoted to the description of the most relevant theories depicting both conceptual categories as well as the most significant issues related to their understanding. The concepts of quantitative time, qualitative time, sequencing of events or social time are illustrated with examples relating them to the concept of the body. Such a procedure not only familiarises the reader with the meaning of particular concepts but also indicates permanent mutual connections between these two conceptual categories on an individual and social level. 2026-07-06T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/58769 The Body, Illness and Partial Disability Skrzypek, Michał; Kowal, Katarzyna The chapter offers the sociological perspective on chronic diseases and disability, and focuses attention on the effort related to identity forming. M. Merleau-Ponty initiates the reflection on this issue by describing the perceived possession of a non-existent limb (phantom limb syndrome). D. Leder notes that a dysfunction of the body causes the body to enter the stream of consciousness; it becomes an experienced phenomenon and leaves the “„corporal” background. Including the biological dimension of the body in socio-medical research is postulated by S. Timmermans and S. Haas, who propose the sociology of particular chronic diseases defined on the basis of their clinical criteria. A complete picture of the identity-related consequences of chronic diseases and disability is offered in the works of K. Charmaz. Furthermore, the reflection presented by Anselm Strauss et al. emphasises the value of the interactive dimension of the body; the body is a non-negotiable condition for taking actions and engaging in interactions. The discussed theories emerge from qualitative studies conducted in groups of chronically ill persons. K. Charmaz argues that these persons report on their suffering using “„the language of loss”, which refers to the aspects of the <self> that were modified due to bodily changes. K. Yoshida describes the effort related to one’s personal identity that is made by persons with spinal cord injury. In his research involving people after proctocolectomy, M. Kelly documented the bodily roots of social interactions. The sociological analyses of the identity-related issues initiated by bodily changes supplement the biomedical perspective on disease and incomplete agency, providing knowledge regarding the processes occurring in one’s psycho-social sphere. 2026-07-06T00:00:00Z