http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12986 2026-04-08T20:36:42Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13258 Krytyka militaryzmu i wojny w publicystyce Ludwika Quiddego (1858-1941) Świątnicka, Iwona The name of prof. Ludwik Quidde is known as the most eminent defender of peace. He was very active member of peace movement in Germany and in the World. For many years he was the president of German Peace Society and of German Peace of Cartel. However his ideas vere not original. They were rather typical of those days. As many other pacifists, he urged for security, international arbitration and reduction of war expenses. He also wanted to create an international organisation to prevent any futher war. He did not agree to the definition of war in which it was understood as the only way to solve the international affairs. To him this conception was contradictory to the nature of man and the divine rules. He also thought it to be harmful to moral, cultural and economic developmcnt of human civilization. The historie knowledge of prof. L. Quidde influence and shaped his pacifistic publications. With all his strenght he pointed out and criticized all aspects o f militarism in Germany. His attilude towards the really possibilities of the world peace movement was realistic. The internal tranquility and the ability to achieve the compromise, also helped him to solve different problems of peace and war. 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13143 Transformation de la structure de la classe ouvrière dans la région de Saint-Étienne (1870-1914) Lorcin, Jean Podstawowym źródłem analizy zmian strukturalnych klasy robotniczej w najstarszym zagłębiu przemysłowym Francji były pięcioletnie spisy siły roboczej z okresu 1872-1911. Spisy te zawierają: zawód, płeć, wiek, miejsce urodzenia, narodowość i miejsce zamieszkania robotnika. Ogółem klasa robotnicza w regionie Saint-Étienne, w badanym okresie, stanowiła ponad 60% zatrudnionych w latach 1872-1911. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13141 Rozbieżności pomiędzy Francją i Stanami Zjednoczonymi w sprawie rozbrojenia w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym Brzeziński, Andrzej Maciej The differences concerning disarmament were the permanent feature of the Franch-American relations in Inter-War Period. It was the consequence of the different geographical and political situation, military policy and strategy of the both Powers. The French diplomacy adhered the thesis about priority of security before disarmament and the principle of the interdependence of land, naval and air armaments. The US diplomacy estimated the disarmament as the mean leading to general security. The American concepi of qualitative disarmament of land forces was oriented mainly against France, which at that time, had the biggest amount of military land équipement. The navy fixed for US the most important strategic value, so American diplomacy was very active in the naval disarmament negotiations. France evaluated negatively the American tactic concerning limitation of navel armaments. The Americans wanted to obtain the naval superiority and treated France as secondary naval Power. Paris was opposed to American thesis that disarmament would allow for financial savings and it would facilitate repayment of debts incurred, among others, by France in the United States during the First World War. Contrary to France, US advocated the principle of equal rigts in armaments, which was demanded by Germany. United States, jointly with Great Britain and Italy, pressed on the French Government to accept this principle. Washington remained under a false impression that this concession would prevent Hitler’s armaments demand. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13140 Liga Narodów w polityce zagranicznej Eduarda Beneša (1919-1925) Nowinowski, Sławomir M. The future of Czechoslovakia was strictly connected with the Versailles order and mainly with the League of Nations. E. Beneś, who had the greatest influence on the character and activity of the czechoslovakian diplomacy, was greatly attached to the principles of the League of Nations. He described this diplomacy as the vector of his own foreign policy. Apart of his propaganda declarations he demonstrated his activity in the works of the League of Nations. E. Beneś was mainly interested in the most important problems of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia. He took part in the works of realization the idea of common security: the Self-help Treaty and the Geneva Protocol. He wanted to eliminate the procedural precedents, to define the aim and character of the national minority defence. His activity was strictly connected with czechoslovakian foreign policy including the bilateral relations. The vision of the economic sanitation of Austria moved away the danger of Anschluss. And the Petite Entente was a kind of mixed czechoslovakian wants in the Middle Europe and her conceptions as the results of the League Treaty. Beneś was attacked for his free attitude to the obligations of Versailles system and mainly to the League of Nations. Meanwhile it was the League who helped him to become an european diplomat. His presence during many discourses concerning the main problems of Europe let him possess a great influence in the international policy. As a kind of a paradox, such a small country as it was Czechoslovakia had a great international influence. She gained many profits, but they were only temporal. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z