http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12032 2026-04-10T16:24:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12310 Ziemiaństwo a uprzemysłowienie Galicji na przełomie XIX i XX w. (do 1918 r.) Kargol, Tomasz Article presents the attitude of gentry to the industrialization of Galicia in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This problem hugs the commitment in non-agricultural sectors of industry territorial capital, the industrialization territorial properties, functioning the chosen of properties and institutions as well as works of gentry at industrial organizations. The traditional branches of food industry in territorial properties predominated: the distillery, the breweries, the flour-mills, basing on own materials of earthly goods as well as wood industry. Few aristocrats, as count Andrew Potocki from Krzeszowice, duke Andrew Lubomirski from Przeworsk and count Eduard Mycielski, invested in heavy industry (mining, metallurgy) and machine. Devoid industrial institutions properties in Galicia overweighed, or be possessing only distilleries, mills, sawmills brick-yards. The activity of gentry did not influence on industrialization of country. Many landowners was however engaged in activity of organization popularizing the industrialization or it sat down in powers of joint-stock companies. Showed on this field with special activity duke Andrew Lubomirski. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12309 Inicjatywy ziemian i przemysłowców ziemiańskich w wybranych sektorach gospodarki Królestwa Polskiego w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX w. Kowalczyk, Rafał Wiktor Landowners were mostly actively engaged in the agricultural and food industries related to modernization of their estates and for which they participated in all aspects of this industry. They were involved, however, in the only manufacturing industrial branch of the agricultural and food industry – i.e. sugar-making. However, their factories were of a mainly agricultural character and of rather small size. These included: distilleries, dairies, potato dryers etc. Landowners occupied themselves only in new businesses related to agricultural production. They did not want to invest in companies connected with the production of products such as candies, chocolate, cakes or pasta that were found mainly in towns and industrial areas. Landowners also got engaged in businesses not connected with farming. Investment of landowners’ capital was considerable in the mineral industry. In most cases these were brickyards which did not demand considerable investments and were located within their estates. Landowners were also involved in coal mining. These investments were rather temporary in nature as they were capital-consuming, risky and demanded long term expenditures. Landowners also invested in iron-ore mining, mainly in the Świętokrzyski Industrial District. This business was not very capital-consuming with extruded iron-ore being sold off to local steelworks. In 1897, out of 79.63% of mined iron-ore, 32.69% belonged to landowners. In 1913 it was only 7.83% out of 35.93% of mined iron-ore. Landowners who became industrialists were very rare. They included for example: Juliusz Tarnowski, the owner of Końskie Wielkie Factory and Stanisław Ciechanowski, the owner of many lands, mines (“Maria”, “Barbara”, “Walerya”, “Władyslaw”, “Grodziec”), cement works (“Grodziec” located in Grodziec near Będzin). These two people were connected to German investment Joint-stock Company Puszkin Steel-works and Milowizer Eisenwerk A.G., affiliate of upper Silesian Friedenwshütte, one of the part of concern Oberschlesische Eisenbahn-Bedarfs A.G. (Oberbedarf). Landowners were also often engaged in many initiatives aiming at development of the region. They initiated different kinds of projects concerning such areas as building railways (both narrow-gauged and broad-gauged) mainly in agricultural regions such as Kujawy, Lubelszczyzna, areas north of Warsaw (gubernia płocka) and many others. As a result landowners were engaged in many sectors of the economy and not only in industry. They did not invest much capital and the capital they withdrew was spent on the modernization of their farms, estates. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12308 Jerzy Szczepański, „Książę Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki (1778–1846)”, DiG, Warszawa 2008, ss. 278 Puś, Wiesław 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12307 Lechniccy – z dziejów publicznego zaangażowania ziemiaństwa w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Waingertner, Przemysław In this article, based on studying archival materials and press, a history of Lechnickis brothers – Zdzisław, Tadeusz and Felicjan – in the Second Republic of Poland is showed. They were Polish landowners, politicians and social activists – leaders of the Polish Youth Union “Zet” and the Patriotic League. Before the First World War they supported a fight for the independence, including a military struggle. In the face of war Lechnickis decided to suport Józef Piłsudski and his military action. In the interwar Poland they tried to create a political movement, supporting Piłsudski’s activity and his coup d’etat. Lechnickis created an ideology for the Sanacja political camp which was formed then. Zdzisław, Tadeusz and Felicjan declared for democratic system and opposed dictatorship, however, they criticized parliamentary system, demanding presidential one. They supported a development of the municipal autonomy and tolerant policy towards national minorities, promoting state assimilation. As the leaders of “Zet” and the Patriotic League supported also the etatism and state interventionism in economy. The state was perceived by Lechnickis as the highest form of organization for political, economic, social and national life, as well as their political activity had reference to state interest. 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z