http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5663 2026-04-19T11:25:50Z 2026-04-19T11:25:50Z Domańska, Lucyna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7338 2021-06-23T14:10:52Z 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z

Z badań nad krzemieniarstwem kultury lendzielskiej na Kujawach. (Ze studiów nad rozwojem kul tur wstęgowych na Kujawach) Domańska, Lucyna The paper contains ananalysis of flint materials belonging to the Lengyel culture in the region of Kujawy. The analysis included materials coming from the following excavations: Krusza Zamkowa (administrative district of Inowrocław), Konary (adm. district of Dąbrowa Biskupia ), Kościelec (adm. district of Pakość) excavated by the Kujawy Expedition of Institute of Archeology University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań, headed by doc. dr habil. A. Cofta-Broniewska as well as materials from archeological locations groupe in the Pakoskie Lake gully (Broniewice, adm. district of Mogilno, Dobieszewice, adm. district of Mogilno, Jankowo, adm. district of Pakość) discovered in the course of salvage researches conducted by Archeological and Conservation Laboratory PKZ in Poznań. The analyzed materials represent two developmental horizons in the Lengyel culture in the Kujawy region: the Early-Lengyeland the Late-Lengyel horizons. This chronological differentiation is also reflected in differentiation of technological-utility rules between both horizons. Technological difference concerns mainly rules of obtaining semi-raw materials. In materials belonging to the Early-Lengyel horizon (Jankowo 4 ,1 5 , Konary 20) there appeared flakes and blades cores with one striking surface while in findings of the Late-Lengyel culture dominate technique, which is bipolar flaking on an anavil. Toxonomic differences in the set of tools concern mainly the group of scrapers, which appeared to be quite numerous in the collection coming from the Early-Lengyel horizon with almost complete dificit of them in the Late-Lengyel collection, in the latter-retouch and microretouch specimens obtain a high index. The presented differences between materials provided by the Early-Lengyel horizon (Konary 20) and Late-Lengyel horizon (Broniewice 1 /18) find their confirmation in development of the "lowland" group of the Lengyel culture. Flint materials of the Early-Lengyel horizon in Kujawy show many features common with excavations of the so-called Malicka group, and with excavations included by J . K. Kozłowski to the first chronological horizon in the Lengyel culture.

1982-01-01T00:00:00Z Nadolska-Horbacz, Krzstyna Horbacz, Tadeusz J. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7337 2018-02-01T11:17:43Z 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z

Dwa znaleziska przedmiotów brązowych z III okresu epoki brązu z terenu Polski Środkowej Nadolska-Horbacz, Krzstyna; Horbacz, Tadeusz J. The authors describe two finds of bronze products from Central Poland (the former Łęczyca district): (votive?) treasure consisting of two brassards with spiral disks discovered at Zimne (Province of Konin), and a dagger from Błonie (Province of Płock); which have been passed to the Museum at Łęczyca. Lack of information about circumstances in which they were discovered hampers among others chronological and cultural analysis of the products. In the light of other finds of this type the brassards from Zimne may be dated back to the first half of the 3rd period of the bronze age and may be linked to the Constantine line. The dagger from Błonie, with a form shaped - in the authors’ opinion - as a result of evolution of similar side-arms met in the 2nd period of the bronze age, represents rather a younger segment of the 3rd period, bronze age which allows to link it to the Central-Poland group of Lusatian culture.

1982-01-01T00:00:00Z Horbacz, Tadeusz J. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7336 2018-02-01T11:17:44Z 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z

W sprawie tzw. miecza jednosiecznego Horbacz, Tadeusz J. The author points at the necessity of revision of the term "single-edged sword" as used in the Polish archeological terminology. The term "single-edged sword" used to describe pieces of single-edged side-arms, becoming more and more popular in the middle La-Tené period in Pomerania and nearby areas were gradually accepted by the population of the Przeworsk culture, among which they survived till the early Roman period. Stating the existence of an essential mistake in the term, being a result of literary translation of a German term (ein schneidiges Schwert), the author proposes that it should be replaced with one of the names used for elements of arms and accepted in the Polish literature dealing with arms (sax, chopper, dagger, cutlass). Analysis of features of specimens called these names shows that the term "cutlass" would be most appropriate. This kind of single-edged weapon is characterized with features typical for the so-called single-edged swords. Cutlassess have asymmetric, slanting hilt. Linings made from organic materials are perpendic ularly fastened to the tang with rivets, the so-called rivetting perpendicular to the edge (unlike the so-called rivetting on the tang met e.g. on choppers ans saxes). The pommel in specimens of this type is usually straight. Replacing the term "single-edged sword" with the term" cutlass" - apart from cognitive merits - would approach the terminology used by archeologists to general concept sapplied in literature dealing with arms, which are more precise and explicit. This will also allow to abandon the term "two-edged sword" which also is an exact translation of a German term (zweischneidiges Schwert) by skipping the adjective part of the term. A sword is a type of two-edged side-arms and this fact need not be stressed additionally. The author stresses also the need for analysis of the genesis of the so-called single-edged sword. It is accepted in the literature that prototypes for specimens from the Middle La-Tené period were forms of single-edged side-arms belonging to the Pomeranian culture. The problem seems, however, to be more difficult. Single-edged side-arms, in separably accompanying the sword in prehistory, represent a parallel developmental continuation. Relationships between their particular types are clearly much less obvious than in the case of two-edged weapons. The prototype was undoubtedly a knife while development of its combat forms might have been taking place quite independently. This continues to be an open problem calling for further analysis.

1982-01-01T00:00:00Z Kmieciński, Jerzy http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7335 2018-02-01T11:17:39Z 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z

Funkcja prahistorii we współczesnym społeczeństwie Kmieciński, Jerzy Prehistoric studies conducted all over the world made it possible to unearth preliterate cultures and discover a big diversification of civilizations created by man. Prehistory made us aware that all people irrespective of the age of their cultural status can document their past by millions of fossil findings. Thanks to the prehistory man with his material apparatus of technique, his self-knowledge in such fields as ethics, religion, or philosophy may be analyzed as a result of the evolutional process, which for a long time has been understood as changes in other forms of life. A difference between man and animal was revealed in the process of assimilating and processing the nature by him. The idea of work, which thanks to prehistory may have been encompassed by a philosophical formula, constitutes a fundamental princuple describing both the character and genesis of human existence. Prehistory opens up a deep historical perspektive of understanding the world. Since it was included in to a search for origins and determination of human beings’ identity it has become possible to extend the historical awareness far back in to prehistoric times. Throughout most of the existence of human history the space of territorial and historical awareness was narrowly limited. Thus it is not surprising that only a few decades earlier the ancient history as seen by Europeans was synonymous with the history of Biblical and classical man; history of the Middle Ages - was treated as synonymous with history of crusades , while modem times with history of European states and their colonies. Today there is a need for a comprehensive approach to the past history allowing to accomodate experiences of different civilizations. Thus one’s own prehistory must be analyzed against the background of other territories and human groups. It should, however, be characterized with respect for the native cultural tradition. The eminent place of prehistory consists in the fact that it represents the only science being able to reach far back in to the times about which we do not have any written records, and also - or perhaps primarily - because it is a science about continuously progressing development of man.

1982-01-01T00:00:00Z