Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica 17http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56492026-04-15T00:05:52Z2026-04-15T00:05:52ZZnaczenie Uniwersytetu w Dorpacie dla kultury i nauki polskiej (przed 1917 r.)Blombergowa, Maria Magdalenahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/76032018-02-01T11:18:02Z1992-01-01T00:00:00ZZnaczenie Uniwersytetu w Dorpacie dla kultury i nauki polskiej (przed 1917 r.)
Blombergowa, Maria Magdalena
The University of Dorpat founded at the beginning of the 19th century almost
at the very beginning enjoyed a high level of education. Among the teachers
there were many eminent scientists of European fame.
The school had the following faculties of: law, teology, medical faculty and
philosophy. The last faculty included the specializations of: phisico-methematical,
natural, historical-phylological and technological-economical.
For many years the University as regards the organization and the character
was German yet it managed to preserve its separateness even in times of increased
oppression. Russian language was introduced in 1889 and the complete Russification
took place in 1893.
The University of Dorpat almost for the whole 19th century was one of the
most liberal universities in Russia.
Polish students came to Dorpat almost from the beginning of the existence of
the University and they were accepted there more readily than at other Russian
universities. The first Polish students came from White Russia and the region of
Vilna. After the Universities of Warsaw and Vilna had been closed the Polish
students came from other towns of Russia, Russian and Prussian and Austrian sectors
of partitioned Poland. It is commonly thought that in 1802-1917 about
1500-2000 Polish students were studing at the Dorpat University. Majority of
them achieved diplommas and university degrees. Medical studies were the most
popular next came law, teology, economy, chemistry, pharmacy, phylology, physics,
botany and technology. The Polish youth considered it a patriotic duty to achieve high professional
qualifications and to prepare themselves for working in the future free
fatherland. The large amount of golden medals for students' scientific works won
by the Polish can confirm the serious approach to studies of those young people.
As compared to the large number of Polish graduates and very good opinion about
them few Polish students were appointed to a professorship at the University of
Dorpat. The origin of Polish students and the mistrust of Russian administration
prevented them from university chairs. Most of graduates finished their career
as assistants or private assistants professors. To 1917 the following scientist
became the professors of Polish origin: Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Adam Zaczyński,
Stanisław Czyrwiński, Tadeusz Banachiewicz and Aleksander Bylina. Polish
graduates at Dorpat University were appointed to professorships at other
Russia and foreign universities.
Many professors and lecturers working at schools of the sovereign Poland and also many scientists of different disciplines, social workers, writers, doctors,
engineers recruited from the graduates of Dorpat University. The University of
Dorpat played a significant role in the development of Polish higher education
and forming of Polish inteligentia.
1992-01-01T00:00:00ZWstępne wyniki badań grodziska w Zgłowiączce, gm. Lubraniec, woj. włocławskie, w 1988 r.Andrzejewska, Aldonahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/76022021-06-21T08:17:45Z1992-01-01T00:00:00ZWstępne wyniki badań grodziska w Zgłowiączce, gm. Lubraniec, woj. włocławskie, w 1988 r.
Andrzejewska, Aldona
The studies were conducted by the Archaeological Department of University of
Łódź charged with the task by the Provincial Conservator of Monuments in Włocławek.
It was the second season of investigations. In 1988, excavations of 15 x
x 2,5 m were located in the eastern part of the castle on the W-E axis, from the
coping of the dike directed to the maidan. According to the stratography observed
there two settlement s levels related to the second stage of fortifications of
the castle and one settlement's level related to the first stage of castle's fortification were discovered. An unfortified settlement was registered under
the heaped levers of the dike and cultural stratifications of the castle. According
to the earthenware material the discovered settlement s levels dated back
to the second half of the lZ^ century and to the 13*^ century.
In historical sources no reference to the castle was found. Documents are
related to the Zgłowiączka village itself and salt-works working in the village.
The first reference comes from 1155, from the bulla of the Pope Hadrian IV and
it contains the list of possessions of the monastery of canons regular in Czerwińsk
where the salt-works in Zgłowiączka is mentioned among others.
The castle must have played an important economic role the castellany of
Włocławek and Brzesk. Since it was situated on the Zgłowiączka river at the ford
where there was a road leading to Radziejów and Kruszwica, in the village with
market and salt-works.
1992-01-01T00:00:00ZInkrustowane miecze rzymskie z Barbaricum i obszarów przylimesowych Imperium Romanum. Wybrane zagadnieniaHorbacz, Tadeusz J.Olędzki, Marekhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/76012021-07-08T08:40:24Z1992-01-01T00:00:00ZInkrustowane miecze rzymskie z Barbaricum i obszarów przylimesowych Imperium Romanum. Wybrane zagadnienia
Horbacz, Tadeusz J.; Olędzki, Marek
Authors discuss the group of swords of Roman origin the blade of which
were inlaid with bronze, copper or brass with symbols understood exclusively in
the context or religious and cultural changes of Imperium Romanum. The majority
of these findings come from Barbaricum (Fig. 1). The set of motifs inlaid on blade is relatively poor and is limited to three
groups of symbols (Fig. 6-8). The first one includes figural representations of
Roman Gods connected with fighting, victory, purification and reversal of Evil
(Mars, Victoria, Minerva). In the second group there are signa militaria in
literal meaning (the eagle - the sign of the legion which is accompanied by
emblems of smaller organizational units of the legion), the third group
consists of images being the symbols of triumph (ornamenta/insignia/triumphalia):
laurel wreath and palm of victory. The palmette of Piaski (Fig. 6, 6 b)
being the stylized motif of the palm of victory and in such a shape as it is met
on shields of Roman legionaries was included among the third group.
The stylistics of inlaid works indicates on two lines of plastic solution of
the symbol: realistic and schematic convention. In case of figural representation
(Mars, Victoria) we face here "static" and "dynamic" canon of the presentation
of the figure. The "static" canon is clearly related to realistic convention
while the "dynamic" canon to the schematic one.
1992-01-01T00:00:00ZKultura castro oraz procesy celtyzacji i romanizacji na terenie Galicii w HiszpaniiKmieciński, JerzyKowalczyk, Małgorzatahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/76002018-02-01T11:18:06Z1992-01-01T00:00:00ZKultura castro oraz procesy celtyzacji i romanizacji na terenie Galicii w Hiszpanii
Kmieciński, Jerzy; Kowalczyk, Małgorzata
The Castro Culture occupies the area of northern-western part of Pyrenees
(Galicia, the northern part of Portugal). Chronological limits according to the
contemporary investigations are said to be from the 6^1* century В. C. till the
end of the 1st century A. D., however some researchers claim that some significant
elements of this culture lasted till the end of the 6 ^ century A. D. The
name of this culture as the archaeological notions was adopted in the 19*-*1 century
and was specified by P. Bosch-Gimpera in 1932. Due to the existence of defensive
settlements (castra) it was supposed that this culture was of Celtic origin.
The eastern Trans-Pyrenees province of Galicians was also mentioned.
Whereas, the notions Celtos and Castros were treated as synonyms (Jose Vera у Aguiar).
The function of castra was differently interpreted either as tombs,
sanctuaries or fortifications built in protection of tracks. Castra were also
treated as areas with organized settlement (Murguia).
Due to significant archaeological discoveries made in the end of the 19t*1
century some very explicit cultural features of the regions occupied by defensive
settlements of castro types are more clearly seen. Two main architectonic
forms appearing in castra - i. e. buildings of ovate and orographic projection
constructed of cast wall are distinguished. Specific style of decoration of pottery
by means of die ornament was also notified. As compared to the rest of
Iberian territory the specific jewelery, especially fibulas, torkwes, bracelets
and earings were distinguished.
1992-01-01T00:00:00Z