http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46323 2026-04-09T01:48:50Z 2026-04-09T01:48:50Z Milewska, Mariola Skrzypczyński, Marek http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46726 2023-04-18T01:50:43Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Wykaz literatury z zakresu hotelarstwa z lat 1980–2005 Milewska, Mariola; Skrzypczyński, Marek Stasiak, Andrzej

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Milewska, Mariola Włodarczyk, Bogdan http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46725 2023-04-18T01:50:35Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Historia i stan obecny hotelarstwa w regionie łódzkim Milewska, Mariola; Włodarczyk, Bogdan Stasiak Despite the mediaeval origins of numerous towns and villages of Łódź region, it is difficult to discuss a particular development of services in accommodation and catering. Like in other Poland’s regions, the beginnings of hotel industry in Łódź environs should be associated with the development of inns and taverns. In the Middle Ages and in later periods their location was related to more significant places such as Rawa Mazowiecka, Piotrków Trybunalski, Wolbórz, Inowłódz and Łowicz, or more important trade routes crossing the region. In times of the Gentry Republic of Poland, Piotrków Trybunalski took the lead as regards the number of inns and taverns, initially due to gatherings and regional gentry diets, then due to Crown tribunals, which took place in this town. Together with the development of postal communication in the 19th century postal inns came into beings also in central Poland. Inns founded in Łęczyca Rokiciny (built in 1848) (fig. 2 and 3) or Łowicz are the best examples. The first 19th-century establishments, which indulgently might be called hotels, were founded outside Łódź among others in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Łowicz and Sieradz. The second half of the 19th and the beginnings of the 20th centuries witnessed the development of holiday settlement outside Łódź and bigger towns of the region. In woody areas with healthful properties (usually dry pine forests) settlements, often referring to a well-known idea of so-called ‘towns-gardens’ were mushrooming. They were Głowno, Grotniki, Sokolniki, Tuszyn-Las, Gomunice, Teofilów and Inowłódz and others. The period of World War II was the time of stagnation and even decline in the development of tourist accommodation whose part was either destroyed or changed its functions. Years after the war witnessed the increase in social tourism whose main moderators in those times were most often enterprises in Łódź. Numerous leisure centres with plenty of accommodation were founded. In the first half of the seventies, initial attempts were made at adapting historic buildings for hotel accommodation. In the nineties of the 20th and the beginnings of the 21st centuries mainly private investors showed an increased interest in adapting historic buildings to hotels. In that period numerous attempts were made to adjust tourist accommodation to standards binding upon European hotel industry. The beginnings of the 21st century brought about a distinctive revival of investments in areas considered as tourist destinations (e.g. Spała, Bronisławów). In 2004, which is the basis for carried research, in Łódź region 231 different establishments with 15 210 accommodation places were registered. In the generic structure of accommodation facilities localized within the boundaries of Łódź region, establishments classified as ‘others’ i.e. these ones which do not appear in a detailed generic classification provided in the Act of tourist services from 1997, outnumbered other types. The current shift of the centroid of hotel distribution to the southeast of Łódź results from the foundation of many new hotels (Dłutów, Nowa Gdynia near Zgierz, Spała on Sulejów artificial lake) or thorough alteration of the existing accommodation (Spała, Polichno) and adjusting it to requirements for the hotels in eastern and southern part of the region. Hotels in the region have been undergoing much more dynamic changes than the ones located in Łódź. Only in 2005 (data from the end of Sept.) in Łódź region 14 new hotels were built (including the only in the region 4-star hotel Mościcki in Spała). In the same time none of Łodź hotels was classified under this category.

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Turkowski, Marek http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46724 2023-04-18T01:50:25Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Działania marketingowe gospodarstw agroturystycznych w wybranych powiatach województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego Turkowski, Marek Stasiak, Andrzej Farm tourism has been a popular topic for some time now. Tourists demonstrate an increasing tendency to choose places distant from traditional holiday destinations because in the latter numerous attractions are accompanied by excessive concentration of visitors on a small area and exorbitant prices. Local politicians perceive farm tourism as an opportunity to boost the local economy and to reduce unemployment. Farmers seek other possibilities of obtaining income from their farms. However, informing a prospective customer about offered services is a prerequisite for any business activity. Like hotel clients, farm tourism clients are scattered over a large area. This paper is an attempt to investigate the condition of marketing activities of tourist farms. The aim of the research conducted in March 2004 was the identification of the methods of attracting customers employed by tourist farms on areas not covered by any associations as well as the evaluation of the efficiency of these methods. Based on address lists obtained from local tourist information offices, survey questionnaires were sent to 43 tourist farms located in the Kętrzyn district and the Węgorzewo district in the Warmia-Mazury Voivodeship. Eighteen questionnaires (41.9%) were returned. Tourist farms participating in the survey offered 7–24 beds, but a majority (72.2%) possessed up to 12 beds. What is both interesting and simultaneously surprising, it is in the areas frequently visited, for historical reasons, by German citizens, where domestic visitors are particularly expected to arrive (62.9%). A fall in the interest in foreign visitors was noticed earlier. In the majority of cases (62.9%) tourist farm owners are geared towards providing services for customers interested in holidays at affordable prices. This demonstrates that they may be familiar with wealthy clients’ high requirements and aware of their farms’ inadequacies. According to tourist farm owners, the most important factor in attracting customers is furnishings and equipment of the farm. 77.8% of the farms pointed to the inadequate furnishings and equipment as the major reason for difficulty in attracting customers. The second most important problem is the lack of or insufficient extra services; the clients whose accommodation needs have been satisfied notice lack of services that require considerable financial outlays such as horses or carts. This points to the need to provide more financial resources for the modernisation and furnishing of the buildings belonging to tourist farms. According to the respondents, the major factors that help attract clients include customer recommendation (89% of answers), the Internet (61%), and the information provided by tourist information offices and local government offices (50%). The questionnaire included a question concerning the cost of advertising. Only 22.2% of respondents did not report any cost of advertising activity or did not answer the question. The other respondents reported annual expenditure ranging from 100 PLN to 2100 PLN. The average annual publicity expenditure amounted to 410 PLN per farm, 32.5 PLN per bed and 1.0 PLN per night sold. The figures appear to be low, but in many cases average publicity expenditure constitutes approx. 10% of the price of bed per night, for each night even in the case of a few days’ stays. This seems to suggest that a significant number of tourist farm owners spend the money allocated to publicity inefficiently. If the efficiency of advertising activity is measured in terms of nights sold per bed, farms that report publicity expenditure achieve more than twice as good results as those that do not: – farms reporting publicity expenditure achieved 37 nights sold per bed; – farms reporting no publicity expenditure achieved 16.6 nights sold per bed. One of the most important aims of the survey was the evaluation of major problems in attracting visitors. According to the respondents, the most important factors in this respect are as follows: – inadequate standard of services offered by the farms; – insufficient actions aimed at attracting customers; – inefficient spending of money allocated to publicity. The factors enumerated above imply that even larger financial means allocated to publicity will not lead to better results. The improvement in the efficiency of tourist farms requires actions in two areas. Firstly, activities aimed at making financial resources for the development of farm tourism more available are required. This refers to the improvement in basic facilities (e.g. the standard of rooms, the furnishing of bathrooms) as well as providing the equipment that makes the stay on a farm more enjoyable. As results from the survey, those farms that report the insufficiency of standard and equipment in a lesser extent achieve better results. Secondly, farms should be given access to information about tourist service market. A particularly adequate assistance offered to tourist farm owners involves training in the form of free or partially payable workshops. The training should take account of the problem of adjusting services to customers’ needs, including the minimum of the required standard, as well as the issue of publicity, especially publicity via the Internet. The training of this sort is offered by the voivodeship agriculture consultancy centres, but the survey conducted by the author, along with the results achieved by tourist farms, demonstrates that those who set up such farms are not aware of the distinctive character of this area of business activity. The conclusions drawn above should attract local government institutions’ attention to the problems of farm tourism. They also provide some information for institutions that have financial resources for the development of agriculture at their disposal about how to distribute the money so that farm tourism could develop.

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Bednarska, Marlena http://hdl.handle.net/11089/46723 2023-04-18T01:50:28Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Programy lojalnościowe jako narzędzie kontroli ryzyka popytowego w hotelarstwie Bednarska, Marlena Stasiak, Andrzej Risk, being a common and objective phenomenon is an immanent feature of all economic processes resulting from considerate complexity and changeability of conditions in which contemporary enterprises have to function. Increasing uncertainty of the environment brings about the need to consider the risk in the process of enterprise management which requires a constant analysis of its sources and activating factors together with undertaking some risk controloriented initiatives. Risk, which accompanies hotel activities results from the fact of functioning both in the natural and in socioeconomic environment .In operational activity of the hotel a lot of weight should be attached to market risk which arises as a result of relations with representatives of the sector – suppliers, consumers and competition. Demand risk requires a special attention. The size of demand for services, and simultaneously the level of sale, is a key factor determining effective commitment of human resources. The significance of demand risk in hotel industry has been determined by specific features of the market of hotel services, among which the following ones are of vital importance: the distance of potential tourists from the place of the service, instability, irrationalism and complementarities of demand, high capital- -intensive character of the trade, unity of rendering and consumption of services, stable service potential, prevailing share of fixed expenses in the structure of costs. Risk control consists in minimizing possible losses and maximizing potential gains resulting from risk-taking. As it is commonly known, ruling bodies detest taking risk so many initiatives in controlling the risk are based on preventive activities inhibiting the development of any disadvantageous event by affecting the risk sources or conditions of their activation. Initiatives, which aim at creating the effect of brand loyalty, play a particular role among preventive methods of controlling demand risk used by hotels. Brand loyalty is extremely advantageous for the hotel. The need for intensive hotel promotion falls, it is more difficult to enter the market of competition and guests’ sensitivity to room rate fluctuation drops. Loyalty programmes are the instrument bringing about this effect. Due to the system of incentives and profits they encourage guests to purchase hotel services once again and propagate favourable opinions about the hotel. Profits resulting from the participation in the programme affect both rational and emotional aspects. Researches conducted within the Wielkopolskie province show that hotels realize profits resulting from introducing loyalty programmes and they use this method actively. Big hotels, of high standard, and functioning within hotel chain structure, display more initiative in this matter. Deep interest in loyalty programmes among researched hotels allows assuming that this method has been permanently included into the tools used to reduce demand risk and to create advantage over competition on the hotel market.

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z