PLACE MARKETING guest editor: Pieter H. Pellenbarg http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2863 2026-04-06T18:09:15Z 2026-04-06T18:09:15Z Lux, Gabor http://hdl.handle.net/11089/10796 2019-02-25T13:54:14Z 2009-09-29T00:00:00Z

Divergent Patterns of Adaptation Among Central European Old Industrial Regions Lux, Gabor

2009-09-29T00:00:00Z van Hoven, Bettina Elzinga, Maaike http://hdl.handle.net/11089/10795 2019-02-25T13:54:14Z 2009-09-29T00:00:00Z

‘Bikes are Such a Nuisance’ - Visually Impaired People Negotiating Public Space in Groningen van Hoven, Bettina; Elzinga, Maaike

2009-09-29T00:00:00Z Williams, Colin http://hdl.handle.net/11089/10794 2019-02-25T13:54:14Z 2009-09-29T00:00:00Z

Evaluating the Extent and Nature of ‘Envelope Wages’ in the European Union: A Geographical Analysis Williams, Colin To evaluate the spatialities of the illegal wage practice where employers pay their declared employees both an official declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope’ wage so as to avoid tax liabilities, a 2007 survey conducted in 27 European Union (EU) member states is reported. The finding is that 5% of employees received envelope wages which amount on average to some two-fifths of their wage packet. Revealing how, although heavily concentrated in a small group of East-Central European nations, this wage practice is nonetheless ubiquitous, the paper concludes by discussing how this practice might be tackled.

2009-09-29T00:00:00Z Blažek, Jiří Hampl, Martin http://hdl.handle.net/11089/10792 2019-02-25T13:54:14Z 2009-09-29T00:00:00Z

Types and Systems of Actors in Regional Development: Their Function and Regulatory Potential Blažek, Jiří; Hampl, Martin Differentiation of actors derives primarily from the distribution of power and wealth in a society, and thus it has always played an exceptionally significant role. However, as a consequence of the hierarchical organisation of the society this differentiation was noticeably asymmetrical. The non-equivalence of partial subjects/actors of regional development has led to the understandable domination of ‘deterministic’ relations and the plurality of interests and then to the dominance of ‘competitive’ relations. Only gradually do interactions of a cooperative kind successively break through the growth of mutual interconnections, linkages and necessity of social elements and partial systems, and thus the increasing of organic nature of (geo)societal systems. This will be finally illustrated through the difference between ‘symmetric’ systems of actors in developed countries and the ‘asymmetric’ global system.

2009-09-29T00:00:00Z