STUDIA LITERACKIE http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13717 2026-04-05T17:00:35Z 2026-04-05T17:00:35Z Jędrzejczak, Danuta http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13855 2018-02-01T11:19:53Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Prodikos z Keos a Cyropedia Ksenofonta Jędrzejczak, Danuta In her study the author tries to show the influence of philosophy of Prodikos ofKeos on the Cyropedia by Xenophon. Prodikos, a sophist, held the opinion that prowess (areté) is some knowledge which can be acquired since it is the knowledge deriving from recognition of one's ovn self, that is the human nature. The knowledge of one's own self, it is of one's nature, gives the possibility of a correct behaviour which leads to success in life and secures prosperity and comfort. Prowess is an advantage for oneself and for the others. It can be gained through hard pains and strains, but prowess once attained is not lost. Cyrus, the king of Persia, the hero of Cyropedia, was provided by Xenophon with that knowledge of oneself and of the human nature. Cyrus attained prowess due to his hard and steady work on himself, and he gained knowledge of himself and of the human nature. That deep knowledge of the human nature allowed him to win success, as a result of knowledge of the motives of human behaviour. The knowledge of human nature allowed him to anticipate human behaviour in certain conditions and in certain mental attitudes, as well as to induce certain behaviour by creating proper conditions, to gain friends and allies, to defeat enemies, to recognise properly the situation and qualities of people useful for him and advantages for him which may be brought by people of proper qualifications. The character of Cyrus is in a way a practical application of Prodikos's doctrine of prowess as a knowledge of human nature, a vivid example of the doctrine.

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Kujawińska-Courtney, Krystyna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13846 2018-02-01T11:19:56Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Historia Anglii a sztuki Szekspira o historii ojczystej Kujawińska-Courtney, Krystyna More than four centuries of English history are presented in Shakespeare's English history plays. From the chronological point of view he started "his" national history from the reign of king John. Two tetralogies embrace consequtlvely the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, Edward IV, and Richard III. The cycle ends with the reign of Henry VIII. The author analyses the historical background of Shakespeare's English history plays concentrating on the events which are important for the dramatic structure of the respective works. She points out some of the anachronisms and historical misunderstandings, stressing the fact that the ever-present wide sociological background represents Shakespeare's contemporaries - ordinary people from the street. We find certain regularities in the plays e.g. the early ones contain more historical distortions, this Is possibly because Shakespeare was still a young and inexperienced playwright who seemed to be continually Improving his dramatic skills. We should also remember that he was somewhat limited by, among other things the structure of the theatre, the length of the performance, the number of actors. Despite many historical irregularities in Shakespeare's English history plays, often a result of his inaccurate historiographical sources and very strict Elizabethan censorship, they constitute for many people a "true" history of England.

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Gawłowska, Wanda http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13843 2018-02-01T11:19:56Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Recepcja antycznych biografii Aleksandra Wielkiego w średniowiecznej literaturze zachodnioeuropejskiej. (Zarys problematyki) Gawłowska, Wanda In the first part of the paper the author shows the image of Alexander the Great in the ancient biographies by Quintus Curtlus Rufus and Plutarch of Chaeroneia, as well as their reception in Mediaeval literature. Subsequently the author analyses the narrative about Alexander by Pseudo-Callisthenes and shows its derivatives in the late-antique and mediaeval literature, including the Latin translation by Iulius Valerius Polemius, and the work by Leo of Naples. Among the Greek and Latin biographies of Alexander the Great the most popular in the Middle Ages in Western Europe were the narrative by Pseudo-Callisthenes in the Latin version by Leo of Naples, and the so-called Historia de proelils.

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Mazan, Bogdan http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13830 2018-02-01T11:19:52Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Środowisko "Przeglądu Tygodniowego" wobec ideologicznego i militarnego udziału Rosji w konflikcie bałkańskim (1875-1878) Mazan, Bogdan The paper presents the characteristics, in form of an exploration, of reaction of the Warsaw liberal-progressive camp, expressed by its most outstanding representatives, on the events of the conflict betweon Serbia, Turkey and Russia in 1870s, as well as the ideological aspect in the Polish and Russian literature. In particular, the paper shows the firm but controversial "reply" to the expectations and postulates of the Kussian govermneut, public opinion and literature, connected with the involvement in the ccofliet in the Balcans on the side of the Southern Slavs. The opinions were formulated in the circles of progressive radicals, gathered round the leading organ of "the young" - "Przegląd Tygodniowy" - represented prominently by its ideological leader Alexander Świętochowski. In the course of time the primary approval gave way to criticism of imperialistic nationalism hidden behind the contemporary Pan-Slavistic ideas supported by the czarism regime. The paper is a supplement to the studies presenting the conflict from the Russian point of view and discloses the so far neglected element - the Polish point of view.

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z