http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13679 2026-04-09T00:07:33Z 2026-04-09T00:07:33Z Kalejaiye, Kayode http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13712 2018-02-01T11:19:56Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Zarys historii ruchu związkowego w Nigerii (1966-1999) Kalejaiye, Kayode I have duelly analysed the role and impart of consequetive Nigerian governments on various aspects of trade-unionism and industrial relations in Nigeria from the year 1966 to the year 1998. I have therefore critically assessed the impact which these various governments have had on the Nigerian trade union movement during the 32 years of its existence. My analysis shows a definite and uncompromising policy of intervention and deep involvement in the affairs of Nigerian unions by mostly the various military governments which dominated Nigeria during the period analysed contary to what was the practice during the erstwhile civilian administration. For example on the negative side the ban on strikes from the year 1966-1979, but on the positive side however, several instances can be repeated from this publication where the military governments legislations and administrations were positively oriented toward the improvement of the trade unions, for example Decree (No. 36) of 1973, which gave effect to the Industrial Arbitration Tribunals award other examples are the trade union Decree of 1973 which compelled employers to accord recognition to any duly registered union and made illegal the use of funds in partisan parties also the trade disputes decree of 1976, which setup the National Industrial Court as the last institution in the apparatus for the settlement of trade disputes. But as noted the military never gave democracy any chance in Nigeria as noted they dominated in all affairs of the government by force to the day they finally left the Nigerian political stage in the year 1998. I duelly hope the present civilian government of Nigeria will make it it’s objective to correct all the wrongdoings of the military and lay a solid foundation for the Nigerian trade union movement. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Sołtysiak, Jakub http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13711 2018-02-01T11:19:56Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Działania wojsk ONUC wobec secesji Katangi (sierpień 1960-styczeń 1963) Sołtysiak, Jakub The problem of the secession of Cathanga was the main part of the whole Congo’s crisis. Despite the efforts of the self-appointed president of the provincional government - Moisc Czombe, his separatist movement never gained official international recognition. UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarksjold managed to deploy UN Military Forces to Cathanga by means of diplomatic and peaceful methods, exclusively (12 August 1960). After the murder of the Congolese prime minister Patrice Lumumba, the Security Council in February 1961 called for removal from the Congo of all foregin military, paramilitary and advisory personnel not under the UN Command. After the adoption of the resolution UN soliders began to launch military operations against the Cathanga secessionist. Initially, Cathangese forces allied with mercenaries inflicted a defeat on UN Military Forces, and the United Nations was forced to negotiate terms at a disadvantage. Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in an airplane crash during these negotiations (17 September 1961). After rienforcements had arrived, the UN soliders launched another offensive, with air support, which destroyed the Cathangese secessionist movement (December 1962-Jannuary 1963). The UN Military Forces in Congo achieved definite aims; it had preserved the territorial integrity of the Congo and had removed all mercenaries from Cathanga. Nevertheles the minor principle of impartiality was broken when UN soliders used armed forces to put on concrete political solution in the minor war. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Wasiewicz, Magdalena http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13710 2018-02-01T11:19:54Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Z działalności ambasadora Waltera Bedell Smitha w okresie pierwszego kryzysu berlińskiego (1948-1949) Wasiewicz, Magdalena The article presents the activity US Ambassador to Soviet Union W. B. Smith during the First Berlin Crisis, which was one of the reasons why the Cold War began. On June 24, 1948 Soviet forces implemented a blockade of Berlin halting all railroad tralTic, the major means of transporting food and fuel into the city. The blockade was a response to the Western currency reform announced on June 22, the decisions taken at the London conference earlier in the month that established the foundation for West Germany, and the Soviet desire to drive the three Western powers out of Berlin. At the end of June the United States announced that an expanded airlift would begin to carry food and supplies into Berlin. Ihe negotiations held by Allies in Berlin did not lead to the solution to the dangerous situation. They were moved to Moscow, when the ambassadors of the US, France and the representative of United Kingdom were to talk to USRR leaders. The representatives of the West were to make Stalin abolish the blockade getting a give-and-take in return. During the first meeting the ambassadors with Joseph Stalin and Foreign Minister Molotov (August 3), Smith told that the three Western powers were in Berlin by right, and they intended to remain there. He said the Western Big Three were eager to resolve differences with the Soviet Union, but no negotiations could take place while the blockade remained in effect. The next meeting with Molotov Ambassador Smith consistently emphasized two points. Firstly that the Western powers were in Berlin by right and not at the sufferance of the Soviet Union, and secondly that the decision taken at the London conference would not be suspended or delayed. Ambassador Smith, along with the British and French ambassadors, met Joseph Stalin again to discuss Berlin issues (August 23). A tentative agreement between the two sides was reached regarding the currency issue, but the arrangements for its implementation were to be worked out by the military governors in Berlin. In September the four military governors in Berlin announced they could not rcach an agreement based on the Moscow directive. In the end or September France, the United Kingdom, and the United States sent identical letters to the secretary general of the United Nations informing him that the Berlin situation constituted a threat to world peace as defined in Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Ihe Western powers requested that the Berlin issue be taken up by the Security Council as quickly as possible. The negotiation in Moscow in which Walter Bedell Smith participated ended unsuccessfully and the blockade of Berlin was not suspended by Russians until 1949. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z Gosławska-Hrychorczuk, Anna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13709 2018-02-01T11:19:52Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Jan Cynarski-Krzesławski w walce o polską szkołę w Królestwie Polskim (1916-1918) Gosławska-Hrychorczuk, Anna Jan Cynarski-Krzesławski war Absolvent von Warschau Universität, Historiker, Lehrer und vor allem dem Sozialist - Unabhängigheiter. Aktiv in der Politik schon seit Revolution 1905 Jahre, als Mitgleid PPS ansprechte er für am wichtigste den Streit um soziale und nationale Befreiung Polen. Vielmalige er hatte durch rusische Zarsbehörde gefangcnhalten niemals er für Arbeiten nicht hörten auf. Jan Cynarski hatte besondere Rolle in erste Weltkrcig in legionen Piłsudski kempfen, als die „Łodzianin” Zeitung redagirte und aktiv teil er in Polnischclehrerbewegung in die Union nahm in diese Zeit hat er noch in die Polnischeausbildung aus Händ Deutsche Besatzer. Er redagirte noch Lehrerschriften einen wie „Bakałarz” und „Przegląd Szkolny”. Nach erste Weltkreig arbeitete er in Aussenministerium als Presseattache in polnisches Botschaft in Lettland. Maienrevolution in 1926 Jahre hat es ihn von neuen Behörden enttäuschte und bewirkte Übergang ihn zur Opposition, wie kamfte um Demokratie in Polen. In dise Zait Cynarski zusammen arbeitete mit „Robotnik“ - dem PPS Organ, publizierte noch viele Historikarbeiten, arbeitete in Kombattantorganisation. Nach Ausbruch zweite Weltkrcig cinschaltete er sich in die Konspirationtätigheit in neuen Sozialdemokrätenorganisation. Er hat ins KC Auschwitz in 1943 Jahre umgekommt, es halte auf sich Denkmal von kingebungsvalle Sache Mensch. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z