http://hdl.handle.net/11089/12983 2026-04-08T21:56:18Z 2026-04-08T21:56:18Z Palczewski, Marek http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13082 2018-02-01T11:19:45Z 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

Mazowsze Zachodnie wobec Zakonu Krzyżackiego w latach 1381-1411 Palczewski, Marek The author presents in this article mutual connections between West Mazowsze and the Teutonic Order in years 1381-1411. The politics of West Mazowsze in this period can be identified with politics of prince Siemowit IVth. After his father's death in 1381 he became a ruler of the following lands: płocka, zawkrzeńska, rawska, gostynińska, sochaczcwska and wiska. Prince Siemowit IVth remained neutral and even friendly before the Teutonic Order for a long time. In years 1382-1385 prince participated in fight for Polish throne. From 1386 he was considered to be a confederate of King Władysław Jagiełło. He took part in discourses (negotiations) with the Teutonic Order as a plenipotentiary of Polish king. In spite of this, relations with the Teutonic Order were still good. Politics of prince Siemowit IVth was very adequate before King Jagiełło and the Teutonic Order, as well. His main political principle was oscillating between them. It can be concluded, that this kind of politics brought many interests (goods) for Mazowsze land. Siemowit IVth was welcome favourably on the court in Cracow and in Malbork, as well. But situation became very difficult for him when the war between Poland and the Teutonic Order broke out (1409) Prince Siemowit IVth probably did not participate in fighting in that time. He remained neutral. But in the 4th of July 1410 (under the influence of King Jagiełło) he declared war to the Teutonic Order. Then he organised two companies for Grunwald campaigne under his son - Siemowit Vth command. Siemowit IVth also took part in negotiations in Toruń (1411). Summing up, we can say that relations between West Mazowsze and the Teutonic Order were in general proper. There were more periods of friendship and neighbourly co-operation than periods of mutual enmity. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

1994-01-01T00:00:00Z Gawłowska, Wanda http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13079 2018-02-01T11:19:39Z 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

Opactwo Reichenau słynnym ośrodkiem studiów quadrivium w połowie wieku XI Gawłowska, Wanda The author discusses the following matters in this article: - the foundation of the Carolinian Reichenau Abbey and its meaning for Germany in universal historiography; - the development of quadrivium studies during the times of abbot Bern; - possible influence of scientific atmosphere of this monastery over the chronography and musical interest of Frutolf from Michelsberg; the last being the author of Chronicon universale - The Chronicles of the World, which is considered to be one of the most excellent chronicles of the early Middle Ages. Nothing is known about the time and place of birth and about the social origin of Frutolf, as well. There is also no information about the place he received so thorough education. Analysing manuscripts of Frutolf and his close co-worker Tiem, it can be concluded, that the works of abbot Bern and his great disciple Hermann der Lahme influenced Frutolf and Tiem’s chronography and musical interests. Considering these creative interests, good knowledge of the writings of Bern and Hermann, it can be suggested that the Reichenau Abbey was the best scientific centre where Frutolf could have completed thorough quadrivium studies. Coping the manuscripts of Bern or Hermann and writing similar own ones, Frutolf imitated their compositions very clearly. The main reason to discuss this problem in this article was the fact of possible connection and influence between Reichenau scientists and chronicler from Michelsberg. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

1994-01-01T00:00:00Z Adamczewski, Marek http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13062 2022-01-12T10:35:02Z 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

Lipscy herbu Grabie w świetle źródeł epigraficznych w kolegiacie w Choczu Adamczewski, Marek The bishop of Cracow Andrew Lipski bought a little town Chocz in 1620. In 1629 he started to build a church, there. This church was promoted to the collegiate church rank. The walls of collegiate church adjoined to the master of Chocz residence - the mitred prelate’s palace (now there ia a presbytery). Bishop Andrew Lipski provided in the fundation's act (with approval of king Zygmunt III Vasa and pope Urban VIII) that in the future only the members of the Lipski of Grabie arms family or people close related to them will be parish-priests. The epigraphical relics brought together in the church and old mitred - prelates's palace indirectly testify to ancestral character of this church institution. This above-mentioned institution functioned in the private possesions and it never has been the possesion of Catholic church. The gallery of pictures in Low relief of fundator and following Chocz provosts deserves special notice. These portraits were made to parish-priest Kazimierz Lipski's order (in the palace's guest-hall). The busts and after-mentioned inscriptions we should treat as a manifestation of the ancestral programme - the artistic exposition of ancestral fundation's history. The effigies and comanurent inscriptions were probably made after the example of the mitred-prelates’s portraits still ex tan ted in the 18th century. Now, only in the instance of Stanislaw Lipski's bust, we can its prototype - the oil-painting picture from 1711 which is preserved in the mitred-prelates old palace. These inscriptions informed about the past of peoples connected with the collegiate church. The activity of bishop A. Lipski is commemorated by two inscriptions from the 17th century. They tell us about fundator and the one them informed of the likely date of the church building’s end. Stanisław Lipski presented all of his cash to the collegiate church in Chocz and his own ornaments. The chalice, with inscription which indicated its original owner and date of production is the trace of that distant donation. The donation of John Alexander Liptki waa the monstrance. Apart from the information about donor we find informations about goldsmith and date of its origin. The most of inscriptions were made during the reconstruction of church «nH palace when Kazimierz Lipski was the parish-priest in Chocz. These inscriptions commemorate personage of that resourceful administrator. Apart from the remembrances of prorosts from Chocz there are preserved two portraits of Polish noblemen: - the portrait of Andrew Lipeki - the elder brother of bishop John Alexander Lipeki and the portrait of Thomas Lipeki - father of parish-priest Kazimierz. The collection of epigraphical relics, portraits and Low - reliefs and the little belonging to the Chocz's provosts — „prepositus hereditarius in Chocz Lipscensis” convinced us of serious treatment of fundation's resolutions. This collection calls our attention to the exceptional ancestral character of that church institution. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

1994-01-01T00:00:00Z Sójka, Jerzy http://hdl.handle.net/11089/13061 2018-02-01T11:19:39Z 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

Posługi duszpasterskie przy wojskach polskich w wiekach średnich Sójka, Jerzy Religious service is one of the essential duties of clergymen for army; legal orders connected with this matter were established in the eight century and were of common character. The military priesthood in Polish army appeared probably with the Christianization. The first certified information about religious services originates from the times of Bolesław Chrobry. Direct information about chaplains participations in Polish forces can be found in Gall chronicles and others of Mistrz Wincenty and of Długosz. Vestigal information in other descriptive and diplomatic sources also indicate the presence of clergymen in Polish forces due to priesthood and political reasons as well. Regarding few historical sources and in spite of certified presence of chaplains in Polish forces it cannot be stated that: - chaplain services, functions were separated from other priesthood functions; - this kind of services was provided by special clerical staff. Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych

1994-01-01T00:00:00Z