| dc.contributor.author | Sziládi, Péter | |
| dc.contributor.author | Szentgáli-Tóth, Boldizsár | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-04-28T08:11:21Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-04-28T08:11:21Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12-31 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0208-6069 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/58225 | |
| dc.description.abstract | During the (post-)COVID period, states rendered several restrictions of fundamental rights justified by the overarching interest in the protection of human life and public health. Among others, mandatory vaccination may be ordered by the employer, which imposes a clear limitation on employees’ rights to free conscience, self-determination, free occupation, and the right to work. Moreover, in several countries, the decision was vested in the employer for termination or suspension. In a public health emergency, strong arguments support the implementation and extension of mandatory vaccination requirements as well as further extraordinary steps, such as unprecedented allocation of competences, may be reasonable. Some countries opted for mandatory vaccination in healthcare institutions as either a condition of employment or a precondition for entering the institutions. In these cases, however, mainly states had to balance the colliding fundamental rights in order to determine an exact conclusion. On the contrary, involving private stakeholders (employers) in determining the scope of the mandatory vaccination requirement may overstep the lawfully increased margin of manoeuvre of state authorities during a public health emergency. Several states allowed mandatory vaccination in the private workplace on very differentiated grounds. Based on the comparison of three models constituted by Canada, Hungary, and Poland, our research outcome provides a proposed system of criteria for states to determine under which circumstances and under which limitations private employers may be authorized with the power of balancing fundamental rights, especially regarding mandatory vaccination. | en |
| dc.description.abstract | W okresie (po)pandemicznym COVID-19 państwa wprowadziły szereg ograniczeń praw podstawowych, uzasadniając je nadrzędnym interesem ochrony życia ludzkiego i zdrowia publicznego. Między innymi, pracodawcy mogli wprowadzać obowiązek szczepień, co stanowiło wyraźne ograniczenie prawa pracownika do wolności sumienia, samostanowienia, swobodnego wyboru zawodu oraz prawa do pracy. Ponadto, w kilku krajach decyzję o rozwiązaniu lub zawieszeniu stosunku pracy powierzono pracodawcom.W sytuacji zagrożenia zdrowia publicznego istnieją silne argumenty przemawiające za wprowadzeniem i rozszerzaniem obowiązku szczepień, a także za podejmowaniem dalszych nadzwyczajnych działań, takich jak bezprecedensowe przekazywanie kompetencji, które mogą być uzasadnione. Niektóre państwa zdecydowały się na wprowadzenie obowiązkowych szczepień w placówkach opieki zdrowotnej, traktując je jako warunek zatrudnienia lub wymóg wstępu do tych placówek. W takich przypadkach to głównie państwo dokonywało wyważenia kolidujących praw podstawowych i podejmowało ostateczne decyzje.Z kolei angażowanie prywatnych podmiotów (pracodawców) w określanie zakresu obowiązku szczepień może wykraczać poza prawnie zwiększony margines swobody działania władz publicznych w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych. W kilku państwach dopuszczono obowiązkowe szczepienia w sektorze prywatnym, opierając się na bardzo zróżnicowanych przesłankach. Na podstawie analizy trzech modeli: kanadyjskiego, węgierskiego i polskiego, nasze badania przedstawiają proponowany system kryteriów, który może pomóc państwom określić, w jakich okolicznościach i przy jakich ograniczeniach prywatni pracodawcy mogą zostać uprawnieni do równoważenia praw podstawowych, w szczególności poprzez wprowadzanie obowiązku szczepień. | pl |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica | en |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | |
| dc.subject | vaccination | en |
| dc.subject | COVID-19 pandemic | en |
| dc.subject | termination or suspension of labor contract | en |
| dc.subject | fundamental rights | en |
| dc.subject | comparative analysis | en |
| dc.subject | right to bodily integrity | en |
| dc.subject | right to health | en |
| dc.subject | szczepienia | pl |
| dc.subject | pandemia COVID-19 | pl |
| dc.subject | rozwiązanie lub zawieszenie umowy o pracę | pl |
| dc.subject | prawa podstawowe | pl |
| dc.subject | analiza porównawcza | pl |
| dc.subject | prawo do integralności cielesnej | pl |
| dc.subject | prawo do zdrowia | pl |
| dc.subject | stan nadzwyczajny | pl |
| dc.subject | równoważenie | pl |
| dc.title | Balancing of Fundamental Rights by the Employer? Employer’s Margin of Manoeuvre to Order Mandatory Vaccination and to Terminate or Suspend the Labor Contract of Non-Vaccinated Employees | en |
| dc.title.alternative | Równoważenie praw podstawowych przez pracodawcę? Margines uznania pracodawcy w zakresie rozwiązania lub zawieszenia umowy o pracę z niezaszczepionymi pracownikami | pl |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.page.number | 189-210 | |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Sziládi, Péter - Dr Sziladi Law Firm | en |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Szentgáli-Tóth, Boldizsár - Eötvös Loránd University Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Legal Studies | en |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 2450-2782 | |
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| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Sziládi, Péter - psziladi@gmail.com | |
| dc.contributor.authorEmail | Szentgáli-Tóth, Boldizsár - totboldi@gmail.com | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/0208-6069.113.12 | |
| dc.relation.volume | 113 | |