Metoda określania wielkości zasobów zieleni miejskiej w miejscu zamieszkania i jego sąsiedztwie z wykorzystaniem technik teledetekcyjnych

Abstract

This paper presents a method for estimating the degree of greenery of individual basic fields in a large city, which is an attempt to standardize the process of inventorying green areas. An additional aspect of the paper is to indicate places where residents have contact with greenery and to estimate its condition in the vicinity of their place of residence. The main research problem was the method of determining the greenery of cities in Poland, which in many cases is not specified in any guidelines. As a result, we are dealing with diversity in the approach to defining and inventorying urban greenery. The size of urban greenery resources is defined in official statistics as the total area of those plots that are intended for greenery-related purposes (Regulation, 2021). Depending on the city, the method of classifying green areas may be different. In many cases, vegetation present on wastelands is not taken into account, while pitches covered with artificial surfaces are often included in green areas. These areas, in turn, are presented in statistics, on the basis of which one can find out, among other things, to what extent a given city is green (Rostański, 2000). An additional factor is also the height of vegetation and its condition, which is not taken into account when creating reports. A separate issue is the differentiation of areas within cities. The data is aggregated to larger auxiliary units or to the entire city area and does not reflect the real values in individual locations. This information also refers to the varied distribution of population density, so it does not represent the real value for residents who use the surrounding greenery both actively and passively. As a result, the real level of greenery in individual urban areas is unknown, as well as the level of benefits resulting from the current greenery. There is also no indicator that would allow for a reliable comparison of cities with each other. The research presented in this paper was conducted in the city of Łódź, the fourth largest city in Poland in terms of population and area. For this area, source data was obtained in the form of satellite images, laser scanning data, data from geospatial databases and the voter list, as well as basic field research. The aim of the work, apart from developing a method for estimating the size of greenery resources in the place of residence and their access for residents, was also to verify places where there is potential for further development of greenery, taking into account the distribution of the local population. As a result, the following indicators were developed: Greenness Index (GI), Greenery Deficiency Index (GDI) and Greenery Participation Index (GPI).