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dc.contributor.authorRollnik‑Sadowska, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorCichowicz, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorDębkowska, Katarzyna
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-07T13:37:00Z
dc.date.available2025-01-07T13:37:00Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-19
dc.identifier.issn1508-2008
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/54096
dc.description.abstractThe general aim of the article is to verify the extent of labor market slack at three moments considered crucial when analyzing labor market changes caused by the COVID–19 pandemic. The main goal is to identify similarities and differences between EU countries grouped into clusters identified during the research.The study uses cluster analysis to classify the EU members into groups of similar countries according to the labor market slack variables observed before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020, 2021). A two‑stage approach was selected. In the first stage, hierarchical analysis was used to determine the initial number of groups, while in the second stage, the proper classification of objects was made using the k‑means method.A comparison of changes taking place in the labor markets of the analyzed countries allows us to select four homogeneous clusters of countries in all periods under study. The results also show that the labor market slack in most EU countries did not change over the analyzed period, although some countries improved (like Ireland, France, and Cyprus). The reason could be the effectiveness of measures that support labor markets that were implemented during the pandemic. The country where the labor market slack situation worsened is Italy.It would be valuable to analyze in more detail the effectiveness of labor market policies and programs from countries in the identified clusters because they contributed to a relatively stable labor market slack situation. Future research should also be directed towards analyzing changes on the side of employment, including a sectoral analysis, which would expand the knowledge of the labor market during the COVID–19 crisis. Moreover, to deepen the analysis of labor market slack, the demographic structure could be included.Analysis of the labor market based solely on the unemployment rate is insufficient, which is even more visible in the face of the consequences caused by the COVID–19 pandemic as that measure does not include the “discouraged worker effect”. For the EU, there is a research gap regarding this effect, which can be gleaned from the labor market slack statistics. This article, therefore, fills the gap.en
dc.description.abstractCelem ogólnym artykułu jest weryfikacja poziomu niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy w trzech momentach uznanych za kluczowe podczas analizy zmian spowodowanych przez pandemię. Głównym celem jest zidentyfikowanie podobieństw i różnic między krajami UE, które zostały przypisane do klastrów wyodrębnionych w procesie badawczym.W badaniu zastosowano analizę skupień w celu klasyfikacji państw członkowskich UE do grup podobnych krajów według zmiennych niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy, obserwowanych przed pandemią (2019) oraz w jej trakcie (2020, 2021). Wybrano podejście dwuetapowe. Na pierwszym etapie zastosowano analizę hierarchiczną do określenia początkowej liczby grup, natomiast na drugim etapie dokonano właściwej klasyfikacji obiektów przy użyciu metody k‑średnich.Porównanie zmian zachodzących na rynkach pracy analizowanych krajów pozwala na wyodrębnienie czterech jednorodnych klastrów we wszystkich badanych okresach. Wyniki badania pokazują także, że w analizowanym okresie sytuacja większości krajów UE w odniesieniu do niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy się nie zmieniła. Niektóre z nich poprawiły swoją sytuację (jak Irlandia, Francja czy Cypr). Powodem takiej sytuacji może być skuteczność środków wspierających rynki pracy, które zostały wdrożone w krajach UE podczas pandemii. Krajem, w którym sytuacja w kontekście niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy pogorszyła się, są Włochy.W perspektywie dalszych badań zasadne byłoby dokonanie dokładnej analizy skuteczności polityk i programów rynku pracy stosowanych w krajach zidentyfikowanych klastrów, ponieważ przyczyniły się one do względnie stabilnej sytuacji niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy. Przyszłe badania powinny być również skierowane na analizę zmian po stronie zatrudnienia, w tym analizę sektorową, co rozszerzyłoby wiedzę na temat sytuacji na rynku pracy w czasie kryzysu COVID–19. Co więcej, aby pogłębić analizę niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy, można włączyć perspektywę struktury demograficznej populacji.Analizy rynku pracy oparte wyłącznie na stopie bezrobocia są niewystarczające, co jest szczególnie widoczne w obliczu konsekwencji spowodowanych przez pandemię COVID–19, ponieważ ta miara nie uwzględnia „efektu zniechęconego pracownika”. Dla UE istnieje luka badawcza w tym zakresie, co można wywnioskować ze statystyk niewykorzystanego potencjału na rynku pracy. Artykuł ten wypełnił więc wskazaną lukę.pl
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesComparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe;4pl
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectlabor market slacken
dc.subjectunemploymenten
dc.subjectCOVID–19en
dc.subjectanti‑crisis policyen
dc.subjectcluster analysisen
dc.subjectniewykorzystany potencjał na rynku pracypl
dc.subjectbezrobociepl
dc.subjectCOVID–19pl
dc.subjectpolityka antykryzysowapl
dc.subjectanaliza skupieńpl
dc.titleLabor Market Slack in the EU during the COVID–19 Crisisen
dc.title.alternativeNiewykorzystany potencjał na rynku pracy UE w czasie kryzysu COVID–19pl
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number109-134
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationRollnik‑Sadowska, Ewa - Bialystok University of Technologyen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationCichowicz, Ewa - SGH Warsaw School of Economicsen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationDębkowska, Katarzyna - University of Bialystoken
dc.identifier.eissn2082-6737
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dc.contributor.authorEmailRollnik‑Sadowska, Ewa - e.rollnik@pb.edu.pl
dc.contributor.authorEmailCichowicz, Ewa - ewa.cichowicz@sgh.waw.pl
dc.contributor.authorEmailDębkowska, Katarzyna - k.debkowska@uwb.edu.pl
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/1508-2008.27.33
dc.relation.volume27


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