dc.contributor.author | Witkowska, Janina | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-01-07T13:36:58Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-01-07T13:36:58Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-12-19 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1508-2008 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/54091 | |
dc.description.abstract | This paper aims to characterize the role of responsible business conduct (RBC)/corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the European Union’s (EU) common investment policy. It explores how the EU uses CSR/RBC to promote sustainable development in the context of foreign direct investment (FDI). The main research objectives include an assessment of the potential impact of the provisions on CSR/RBC included in the EU’s international trade/investment agreements on achieving the sustainable goals in host and home countries of FDI, methods of implementing these provisions in international relations, and the future role of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Investment Facilitation Framework for Development (IFD) Agreement in reshaping the EU’s investment policy.The study employs qualitative methods, supported by the examination of examples of the EU’s new generation of international trade and economic partnership agreements (Korea, Canada, and Japan). The EU treats RBC/CSR as a crucial tool for achieving the UN Agenda 2030’s sustainable development goals. Responsible business behavior is promoted and supported by the instruments of the EU’s trade and investment policies. Since RBC/CSR is voluntary, agreements are enforced through soft measures and actions. The only strong instrument, i.e., trade sanctions, is treated as the last resort and has not been used so far.The newly negotiated WTO Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) Agreement is expected to enhance the re‑orientation of the EU’s policy towards facilitating foreign investment in relations with developing countries. The paper’s main contribution lies in its examination of the EU’s approach towards CSR/RBC in its international trade/investment agreements. It also analyses the problems associated with implementing RBC/CSR provisions within these agreements. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Celem artykułu jest zbadanie roli odpowiedzialnego prowadzenia biznesu (RBC)/społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu (CSR) we wspólnej polityce inwestycji Unii Europejskiej (UE) w odniesieniu do bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ), w kontekście szerszego celu, jakim jest zrównoważony rozwój. Unia prowadzi wspólną politykę inwestycji na mocy Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej. W ramach tej polityki UE wykorzystuje swoje prawo do negocjowania nowej generacji umów o handlu i inwestycjach. Nowym rozwiązaniem w tych umowach jest uwzględnienie postanowień o zrównoważonym rozwoju oraz RBC/CSR. W artykule prezentowane są przykłady takich postanowień, zawartych w umowach między UE a Republiką Korei, Kanadą i Japonią. Unia postrzega RBC/CSR jako ważny środek osiągnięcia celów zrównoważonego rozwoju, ustanowionych w Agendzie 2030. Odpowiedzialne prowadzenie działalności biznesowej jest promowane i wspierane przez instrumenty polityki handlowej i inwestycyjnej UE. Ze względu na fakt, że RBC/CSR mają dobrowolny charakter, wdrożenie umownych zobowiązań może polegać jedynie na „miękkich” środkach i działaniach. Jedyny „silniejszy” instrument pozostający do dyspozycji stron umowy, tj. sankcje handlowe, jest traktowany jako wyjątkowy i nie był dotychczas wykorzystywany. Oczekuje się, że zakończone negocjacje w ramach WTO, dotyczące umowy o ułatwieniach dla inwestycji, wzmocnią reorientację polityki UE w kierunku ułatwiania inwestycji w stosunkach z krajami rozwijającymi się. | pl |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe;4 | pl |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | |
dc.subject | EU investment policy | en |
dc.subject | foreign direct investment (FDI) | en |
dc.subject | international trade and investment agreements | en |
dc.subject | responsible business conduct | en |
dc.subject | corporate social responsibility | en |
dc.subject | sustainable development | en |
dc.subject | polityka inwestycyjna UE | pl |
dc.subject | bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne (BIZ) | pl |
dc.subject | handel międzynarodowy | pl |
dc.subject | odpowiedzialne prowadzenie działalności biznesowej | pl |
dc.subject | społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw | pl |
dc.subject | zrównoważony rozwój | pl |
dc.title | Responsible Business Conduct in the European Union’s Investment Policy | en |
dc.title.alternative | Odpowiedzialne prowadzenie działalności biznesowej w świetle polityki inwestycji Unii Europejskiej | pl |
dc.type | Article | |
dc.page.number | 7-27 | |
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | University of Lodz | en |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2082-6737 | |
dc.references | Benabou, R., Tirole, J. (2010), Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility, “Economica”, 77 (305), pp. 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00843.x | en |
dc.references | Berger, A., Chi, M., Hoekman, B., Mbengue, M.M., Sauvant, K.P., Stephenson, M. (2021), Facilitating Sustainable Investment to Build Back Better, “Journal of World Trade”, 55 (6), pp. 881–894, https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/73602/TRAD2021037.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y (accessed: 23.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | Bondy, K., Moon, J., Matten, D. (2012), An Institution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Multi‑National Corporations (MNCs): Form and Implications, “Journal of Business Ethics”, 111, pp. 281–299, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1208-7 | en |
dc.references | Carroll, A.B., Shabana, K.M. (2010), The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice, “International Journal of Management Reviews”, 12 (1), pp. 85–105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00275.x | en |
dc.references | Chaisse, J. (2022), FDI and sustainable development in the EU‑China investment treaty: Neither high nor low, just realistic expectations, “Columbia FDI Perspectives”, No. 323, Columbia University, New York, https://ccsi.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/docs/fdi%20perspectives/No%20323%20‑%20Chaisse%20‑%20FINAL.pdf (accessed: 23.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L.J. (2014), Corporate Social Responsibility: in a Global Context, [in:] A. Crane, D. Matten, L.J. Spence (eds.), Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London–New York, pp. 3–26. | en |
dc.references | EESC (2023), Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on Multilateral investor‑State arbitration court: assessment of the UNCITRAL process and its achievements in light of civil society recommendations, Official Journal of the European Union, C 75/130, 28.02.2023, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022IE1963 (accessed: 8.06.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2001), Green Paper on Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, Brussels, 18.07.2001, COM(2001)366 final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52001DC0366&from=EN (accessed: 27.01.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2002), Communication from the Commission concerning Corporate Social Responsibility: A business contribution to Sustainable Development, Brussels, 2.07.2002, COM(2002)347 final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2002:0347:FIN:en:PDF (accessed: 27.03.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2011), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Renewed EU Strategy 2011–14 for Corporate Social Responsibility, Brussels, 25.10.2011, COM(2011)681 final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0681&from=EN (accessed: 22.01.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2015), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Trade for all. Towards a more responsible trade and investment policy, Brussels, 14.10.2015, COM(2015)497 final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0497&from=en (accessed: 11.02.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2018), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Protection of intra‑EU investment, Brussels, 19.07.2018, COM(2018)547 final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0547&rid=8 (accessed: 11.03.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2019a), Recommendation for a Council Decision supplementing the negotiating directives for the Doha Development Agenda regarding the negotiations of a multilateral framework on investment facilitation, Brussels, 3.07.2019, COM(2019)314 final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52019PC0314&rid=9 (accessed: 14.06.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2019b), EU moves ahead with dispute settlement over workers’ rights in Republic of Korea, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/eu‑moves‑ahead‑dispute‑settlement‑over‑workers‑rights‑republic‑korea-2019-07-05_en (accessed: 28.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2021), Panel of experts confirms the Republic of Korea is in breach of labour commitments under our trade agreement, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_203 (accessed: 28.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2022a), Proposal for a Directive of the European Union and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937, Brussels, 23.02.2022, COM(2022) final, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:bc4dcea4-9584-11ec‑b4e4-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF (accessed: 19.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2022b), Just and legal sustainable economy: Commission lays down rules for companies to respect human rights and environment in global value chains, https://single‑market‑economy.ec.europa.eu/news/just‑and‑sustainable‑economy‑commission‑lays‑down‑rules‑companies‑respect‑human‑rights‑and-2022-02-23_en (accessed: 18.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2023a), Reform of the ISDS mechanism, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/enforcement‑and‑protection/dispute‑settlement/investment‑disputes/reform‑isds‑mechanism_en (accessed: 17.03.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2023b), Southern Neighbourhood, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu‑trade‑relationships‑country‑and‑region/countries‑and‑regions/southern‑neighbourhood_en (accessed: 9.07.2024). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2023c), EU‑China agreement explained, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu‑trade‑relationships‑country‑and‑region/countries‑and‑regions/china/eu‑china‑agreement/agreement‑explained_en (accessed: 14.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2023d), Sustainable development in EU trade agreements, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/development‑and‑sustainability/sustainable‑development/sustainable‑development‑eu‑trade‑agreements_en (accessed 16.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2023e), EU’s first Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement enters into force with Angola, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4462 (accessed: 26.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (2024), Enforcement and protection, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/enforcement‑and‑protection_en (accessed: 26.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (n.d.), Investment, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/help‑exporters‑and‑importers/accessing‑markets/investment_en (accessed: 11.02.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Commission (n.d.), Korea labour commitments, https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/enforcement‑and‑protection/dispute‑settlement/bilateral‑disputes/korea‑labour‑commitments_en (accessed: 28.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | European Union (2022), Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014, Directive 2004/109/EC, Directive 2006/43/EC and Directive 2013/34/EU, as regards corporate sustainability reporting (Text with EEA relevance), Official Journal of the European Union, L 322/15, 16.12.2022, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022L2464&from=EN (accessed: 7.02.2023). | en |
dc.references | Fasciglione, M. (2020), Implementing “Responsible Business Conduct” Approaches under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights at the Time of COVID–19, “European Papers”, 5 (3), https://doi.org/10.15166/2499-8249/404 | en |
dc.references | ICSID (2022), ICSID. Convention, Regulations and Rules, Washington, https://icsid.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/documents/ICSID_Convention.pdf (accessed 19.03.2023). | en |
dc.references | Ingrams, M., Booth, K. (2023), Hardening soft law: strategic use of the OECD Guidelines to achieve meaningful outcomes, “Columbia FDI Perspective”, 351, Columbia University, New York, https://ccsi.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/docs/fdi%20perspectives/No%20351%20‑Ingrams%20and%20Booth%20‑%20FINAL.pdf (accessed: 7.02.2023). | en |
dc.references | OECD (2018), OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/OECD‑Due‑Diligence‑Guidance‑for‑Responsible‑Business‑Conduct.pdf (accessed 19.03.2023). | en |
dc.references | OECD (2023), OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/81f92357‑en | en |
dc.references | OECD (n.d.), Responsible Business Conduct and the Sustainable Development Goals, https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/RBC‑and‑the‑sustainable‑development‑goals.pdf (accessed: 3.02.2023). | en |
dc.references | OJEU (2011), Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Korea, of the other part, Official Journal of the European Union, L 127/6, 14.05.2011, https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international‑investment‑agreements/treaty‑files/2602/download (accessed: 6.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | OJEU (2017), Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part, Official Journal of the European Union, L 11/23, 14.01.2017, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:22017A0114(01)&from=EN (accessed 6.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | OJEU (2018), Agreement between the European Union and Japan for an Economic Partnership, Official Journal of the European Union, L 330/3, 27.12.2018, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A22018A1227%2801%29 (accessed: 25.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | OJEU (2019), Regulation (EU) 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2019 establishing a framework for the screening of foreign direct investments into the Union, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019R0452 (accessed: 25.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | Sauvant, K.P. (2022), Six Reasons for Emphasizing Responsible Business Conduct in the Nascent WTO Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development, “SIPA, Multilateralism in Action”, 13 October, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4249357 (accessed: 20.01.2023). | en |
dc.references | Schwartz, M.S., Carroll, A.B. (2003), Corporate Social Responsibility: A Three‑Domain Approach, “Business Ethics Quarterly”, 13 (4), pp. 503–530. | en |
dc.references | Shavin, C. (2019), Unlocking the Potential of the New OECD Due Diligence Guidance on Responsible Business Conduct, “Business and Human Rights Journal”, 4 (1), pp. 139–145, https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2018.28 | en |
dc.references | Spinaci, S. (2022), Corporate sustainability due diligence. How to integrate human rights and environmental concerns in value chains, Briefing. EU legislation in Progress, EPRS/European Parliament Research Service, Third edition, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/729424/EPRS_BRI(2022)729424_EN.pdf (accessed: 25.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | SWD (2019), Commission Staff Working Document – Corporate Social Responsibility, Responsible Business Conduct, and Business & Human Rights: Overview of Progress, Brussels, 20.03.2019, SWD (2019) 143 final, https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/34482 (accessed: 17.01.2023). | en |
dc.references | TFEU (2012), Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, 26.10.2012, C 326/47, https://eur‑lex.europa.eu/legal‑content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=EN (accessed: 13.02.2023). | en |
dc.references | UN (2011), The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. An Introduction, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Business/Intro_Guiding_PrinciplesBusinessHR.pdf (accessed: 24.01.2023). | en |
dc.references | UN (2015), United Nations Convention on Transparency in Treaty‑based Investor‑State Arbitration, New York, https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media‑documents/uncitral/en/transparency‑convention‑e.pdf (accessed: 19.03.2023). | en |
dc.references | UNCTAD (1999), World Investment Report. Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of Development, New York and Geneva, https://unctad.org/system/files/official‑document/wir1999_en.pdf (accessed: 26.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | UNCTAD (2023a), Investment Policy Hub, International Investment Agreements Navigator, https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international‑investment‑agreements/groupings/28/eu‑european‑union‑ (accessed: 29.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | UNCTAD (2023b), Investment Policy Hub. Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator, https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment‑dispute‑settlement (accessed: 26.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | Van der Loo, G., Hahn, M. (2020), EU Trade and Investment Policy since the Treaty of Lisbon. Achievements and Future Priorities, CEPS Research Report, Brussels, https://www.ceps.eu/wp‑content/uploads/2020/10/RR2020-04_EU‑Trade‑and‑Investment‑Policy.pdf (accessed: 28.04.2023). | en |
dc.references | WTO (2023), Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/invfac_public_e/factsheet_ifd.pdf (accessed: 26.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | WTO (2024), Investment facilitation for development (IFD), https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/invfac_public_e/invfac_e.htm (accessed: 26.09.2024). | en |
dc.references | Yannaca‑Small, K. (2022), Shaping responsible business conduct through a Multilateral Treaty on Due Diligence, “Columbia FDI Perspectives”, 332, Columbia University, Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI), New York, https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/260495/1/fdi‑perspectives‑no332.pdf (accessed: 8.06.2023). | en |
dc.contributor.authorEmail | janina.witkowska@uni.lodz.pl | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.18778/1508-2008.27.28 | |
dc.relation.volume | 27 | |