Pokaż uproszczony rekord

dc.contributor.authorGerałt, Bartłomiej
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-19T13:51:09Z
dc.date.available2024-04-19T13:51:09Z
dc.date.issued2024-03-30
dc.identifier.issn0208-6069
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/51860
dc.description.abstractThis article attempts to provide an overview of the most important international regulations relating to the provision of telecommunication services by private companies to one or more belligerent parties in times of an armed conflict. Taking as an example the recently widely commented issue of Starlink allegedly withholding its services otherwise provided to the Ukrainian Armed Forces, this article reviews the issue from the perspective of general public international law as well as international space law. Specifically, the customs and regulations concerning the attributability of private parties actions as well as peaceful utilisation of outer space are scrutinised.en
dc.description.abstractNiniejszy artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie najistotniejszych regulacji międzynarodowych dotyczących świadczenia usług o charakterze telekomunikacyjnym przez podmioty niepubliczne jednej lub większej ilości stron aktywnego konfliktu zbrojnego. Biorąc za przykład szeroko komentowany przypadek firmy Starlink, która rzekomo miała odmówić udostępnienia swojej sieci rządowi Ukraińskiemu, artykuł ten stara się przedstawić skrótowe studium tego przypadku z perspektywy prawa publicznego międzynarodowego, jak również regulacji międzynarodowych poświęconych wyłącznie kwestiom wykorzystania przestrzeni kosmicznej. Analiza ta w szczególności dotyczy reguł poświęconych przypisywalności państwu działań podmiotów prywatnych jak i pokojowemu wykorzystaniu przestrzeni kosmicznej.pl
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesActa Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridicaen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectinternational space lawen
dc.subjectElon Musken
dc.subjectStarlinken
dc.subjectUkraineen
dc.subjectUSAen
dc.subjectmiędzynarodowe prawo kosmicznepl
dc.subjectElon Muskpl
dc.subjectstarlinkpl
dc.subjectUkrainapl
dc.subjectUSApl
dc.titleStarlink’s Provision of Telecommunication Services During the Time of Armed Conflict and Its Consequences from the Perspective of Public International Lawen
dc.title.alternativeŚwiadczenie usług telekomunikacyjnych przez Starlink w trakcie konfliktu zbrojnego a możliwe konsekwencje w ramach prawa publicznego międzynarodowegopl
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number189-197
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationUniversity of Lodzen
dc.identifier.eissn2450-2782
dc.referencesBrown, Tara. 2022. “Ukraine Symposium – The risk of commercial actors in outer space drawing states into armed conflict”. Lieber Institute West Point Articles of war, July 8, 2022. https://lieber.westpoint.edu/commercial-actors-outer-space-armed-conflict/en
dc.referencesFarley, Robert. 2020. “Space Force: Ahead of Its Time, or Dreadfully Premature?” CATO Institute, December 1, 2020. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/space-force-ahead-its-time-or-dreadfully-prematureen
dc.referencesFinch, Edward R. Jr. 1968. “Outer Space for ‘Peaceful Purposes.’” American Bar Association Journal 54(4): 365–367.en
dc.referencesGoines, Timothy. 2022. “The Russia – Ukraine war and the space domain.” Lieber Institute West Point Articles of war, March 14, 2022. https://lieber.westpoint.edu/russia-ukraine-war-space-domain/en
dc.referencesICEYE. 2023. “CEYE Signs Contract to Provide Government of Ukraine with Access to Its SAR Satellite Constellation.” https://www.iceye.com/press/press-releases/iceye-signs-contract-to-provide-government-of-ukraine-with-access-to-its-sar-satellite-constellation (accessed: 7.11.2023).en
dc.referencesInternational Court of Justice. 1980. “United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran)”. Hague.en
dc.referencesInternational Court of Justice. 1986. “Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)”. Hague.en
dc.referencesInternational Law Commission. 2001a. “Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts.” Yearbook of the International Law Commission. Vol. II, https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdfen
dc.referencesInternational Law Commission. 2001b. “Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with commentaries.” Yearbook of the International Law Commission. Vol. II, https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdfen
dc.referencesIran-U.S. Claims Tribunal. 1987. “Kenneth P. Yeager v. The Islamic Republic of Iran.” Award No. 324-10199-1, November 2, 1987.en
dc.referencesJakhu, Ram. 2006. “Legal Issues Relating to the Global Public Interest in Outer Space”. Journal of Space Law 32(1): 31–110.en
dc.referencesLeague of Nations. 1923. “Official Journal, 4th Year, No. 11”. November 1923. Hague.en
dc.referencesLyall, Francis. Paul Larsen. 2009. “Space Law: A treatise.” Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company.en
dc.referencesMorgan, Richard. 1994. “Military Use of Commercial Communication Satellites: A New Look at the Outer Space Treaty and Peaceful Purposes”. Journal of Air Law and Commerce 60(1): 237–327.en
dc.referencesMusk, Elon (@elonmusk). 2023. “There was an emergency request from government authorities to activate Starlink all the way to Sevastopol.” Tweet, September 8, 2023. https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1699917639043404146?s=46&t=bZcrLpl8DTxSpYLBntBfhQen
dc.referencesNoorden, Wolf D. von. 1995. “Inmarsat Use by Armed Forces: A Question of Treaty Interpretation”. Journal of Space Law 23(1): 1–18.en
dc.referencesSatariano, Adam. 2023. “Elon Musk doesn’t want his satellites to run Ukraine’s drones.” The New York Times, February 9, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/09/world/europe/elon-musk-spacex-starlink-satellite-ukraine.htmlen
dc.referencesSheetz, Michael. 2022. “Elon Musk’s SpaceX sent thousands of Starlink satellite internet dishes to Ukraine, company’s president says.” CNBC, November 5, 2023. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/22/elon-musk-spacex-thousands-of-starlink-satellite-dishes-sent-to-ukraine.htmlen
dc.referencesTrump, Donald. 2018. “Text of a Memorandum from the President to the Secretary of Defense Regarding the Establishment of the United States Space Command.” White House, December 18, 2018. https://csps.aerospace.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/US%20Space%20Command%20memo%2018Dec18.pdfen
dc.referencesUnited Nations. 1951. “Reports Of International Arbitral Awards.” Vol. IV. New York.en
dc.referencesUnited Nations. 1967. “Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.” United Nations Treaty Collection, registration number 8843.en
dc.referencesUnited Nations. 1968. “Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space.” United Nations Treaty Collection, registration number 9574.en
dc.referencesUnited Nations. 1972. “Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects.” United Nations Treaty Collection, registration number 13810.en
dc.referencesUnited Nations. 1976. “Convention on Registration of Objects Launched Into Outer Space.” United Nations Treaty Collection, registration number 15020.en
dc.contributor.authorEmailbartłomiej.geralt@gmail.com
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/0208-6069.106.11
dc.relation.volume106


Pliki tej pozycji

Thumbnail

Pozycja umieszczona jest w następujących kolekcjach

Pokaż uproszczony rekord

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Poza zaznaczonymi wyjątkami, licencja tej pozycji opisana jest jako https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0