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dc.contributor.authorNikensari, Sri Indah
dc.contributor.authorOktavilla, Shanty
dc.contributor.authorIstikomah, Navik
dc.contributor.authorPuspitasari, Nindya Farah Dwi
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-28T10:12:34Z
dc.date.available2024-03-28T10:12:34Z
dc.date.issued2024-03-28
dc.identifier.issn1508-2008
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/51188
dc.description.abstractDigital technology has penetrated various fields, including international trade. This study aims to analyze how barriers/openness to trade in digital services affected exports before the COVID–19 pandemic (2015–2016) and during the pandemic (2019–2020). Based on the Gravity model, exports seem to be influenced by digital services trade restrictiveness, including infrastructure and connectivity restrictions (X1), electronic transaction restrictions (X2), and other restrictions (X3). The panel data regression equation was used to analyze data from various countries (European 17 countries, Asian 8 countries, and Latin American 3 countries) sourced from OECD Statistical Data. The selection of sample countries was based on data availability and homogeneity. The results showed that the effect of digital services trade restrictiveness on exports was low before the pandemic and increased during the pandemic era. Prior to the pandemic, restrictions on electronic transactions had a weak and negative impact on exports; meanwhile, during the pandemic, all restrictions impacted exports, except for other restrictions. In the pandemic era, restrictions on infrastructure & connectivity had a negative impact, but restrictions on electronic transactions had a positive impact on exports due to a decline in global exports and several countries reducing restrictions on electronic transactions.en
dc.description.abstractTechnologia cyfrowa przeniknęła do różnych dziedzin, w tym handlu międzynarodowego. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu analizę wpływu barier w handlu usługami cyfrowymi/otwartości na handel tymi usługami na eksport przed pandemią COVID–19 (2015–2016) i w czasie pandemii (2019–2020). Na podstawie modelu Gravity wydaje się, że na eksport wpływa restrykcyjność handlu usługami cyfrowymi, w tym ograniczenia dotyczące infrastruktury i łączności (X1), ograniczenia dotyczące transakcji elektronicznych (X2) i pozostałe ograniczenia (X3). Do analizy danych z różnych krajów (17 krajów europejskich, 8 krajów azjatyckich i 3 krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej) pochodzących z baz danych statystycznych OECD wykorzystano równanie regresji danych panelowych. Wyboru krajów dokonano, opierając się na dostępności i jednorodności danych. Wyniki pokazały, że wpływ restrykcyjności handlu usługami cyfrowymi na eksport był niski przed pandemią i wzrósł w dobie pandemii. Przed pandemią obostrzenia w transakcjach elektronicznych miały słaby i negatywny wpływ na eksport, tymczasem w czasie pandemii wszystkie obostrzenia miały wpływ na eksport, z wyjątkiem pozostałych ograniczeń. W czasie pandemii ograniczenia dotyczące infrastruktury i łączności miały negatywny wpływ na ekstort. Natomiast ograniczenia dotyczące transakcji elektronicznych miały pozytywny wpływ na eksport ze względu na spadek globalnego eksportu i zmniejszenie przez kilka krajów ograniczeń dotyczących transakcji elektronicznych.pl
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl
dc.relation.ispartofseriesComparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe;1pl
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
dc.subjectdigital services trade restrictivenessen
dc.subjectexportsen
dc.subjectGravity modelen
dc.subjecttrade opennessen
dc.subjectCOVID–19 pandemicen
dc.subjectograniczenia w handlu usługami cyfrowymipl
dc.subjecteksportpl
dc.subjectmodel grawitacyjnypl
dc.subjectotwartość na handelpl
dc.subjectpandemia COVID–19pl
dc.titleThe Role of Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness in Exports: Before and During COVID–19en
dc.title.alternativeWpływ ograniczeń w handlu usługami cyfrowymi na eksport przed i w trakcie pandemii COVID–19pl
dc.typeArticle
dc.page.number113-127
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationNikensari, Sri Indah - Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesiaen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationOktavilla, Shanty - Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesiaen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationIstikomah, Navik - Lecturer at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesiaen
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationPuspitasari, Nindya Farah Dwi - Lecturer at Universitas Terbuka, Tangerang Selatanen
dc.identifier.eissn2082-6737
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dc.contributor.authorEmailNikensari, Sri Indah - indah_nikensari@unj.ac.id
dc.contributor.authorEmailOktavilla, Shanty - oktavilia@mail.unnes.ac.id
dc.contributor.authorEmailIstikomah, Navik - navik.istikomah@upi.edu
dc.contributor.authorEmailPuspitasari, Nindya Farah Dwi - nindyafarah@ecampus.ut.ac.id
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/1508-2008.27.06
dc.relation.volume27


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