К вопросу о системности в изучении жанра
Streszczenie
When investigating literary genres we proceed from a requirement of S$.S kwarczyńska
to defferantiate: 1. genological objects, 2. genological notians,
3. genological names. Possible trends in studing of objects and names are traced in
the article, the notation of genre is of peculiar concern. The notion "genre" is deduced
from actually existing genre phenomens: we can single out within from four correlated
spheres. Sph. I. - a general theoretical notion common for all belles-lettres works irrespective
of epoch or national character (novel, ballad, etc.). Sph. 2. - a historically conditioned
concept refferring to a definite epoch, literary trend (the Renaissance novella,
the romantic ballad, etc.). Sph. 3. - a concept associsted with a definite national literature
(the Russian realistic novel, the Czech romantic ballad, etc.(). Sph. 4. - a concrete
embodiment of the genre in an individual creative work (the Chekhov short story, the
Flaubert novel, etc.).
Thus, the very notion "genre" covers both invariant and variant characteristics; it
may be a stable theoretical notion (Sph. 1.); it may develop and change in the course of
time (Sph. 2. 3): it may pertain to individual creation (Sph. 4). The study of each sphere
possesses its peculaiaritiess.
Withing the concept "genre system” (GS) we can also distinguish four spheres. Sph. 1.
- the the belles-lettres GS differing from other art fields, such as music, painting, architecture,
etc.; it reveals the distinctive features of belles-lettres as verbal art. Sph. 2. -
the GS of a given epoch or literary trend (the GS of classicism, romantism. etc.). Sph. 3.-
the GS of a given national literary process (French Classicism, Czech romantism, etc.).
Sph. 4.- the GS within the activity of a given writer. The functioning and dynamic character
of the above mentioned spheres differ essenialy from each other.