Ornamenta urbis et publica magnificentia. Wykorzystanie zdobytych dzieł sztuki w przestrzeni republikańskiego Rzymu w okresie od IV do I wieku p.n.e.

Abstract

The plunder of statues and paintings from the cities was an essential component of most Roman military campaigns conducted against opponents within the Mediterranean culture. Looting works of art of the great masters of sculpture and painting was something normal, something that raised moral and splendor of kings, dictators and duces. My dissertation was divided into six chapters where I presented these research goals: a) I’m analyzing the terminology related to looting to bring the Romans closer to the division of the artwork, focusing on the "right" of the duces as to their freedom of disposition. b) I discuss the differences in the mechanism of plunder in the middle and late Republic. While painting out that the value of the collected works did not provide artistic craftsmanship, only the material of which they were made. c) I present how looted loot influenced magnificentia publica, as well as the position of particular families and their representatives. d) I’m analyzing how the ex manubiis foundations shaped the space of Rome In the first chapter I present and characterize the sources that I used in the dissertation, taking into account the archaeological, numismatic, epigraphic and literary texts division. The second chapter is devoted to analysis of the timing of Roman looting (manubiae, praeda and spolia). The third chapter is a continuation of the researches presented in the previous section. However, in this place, I am giving back the voice to one of the most important Roman politicians of the Republic to Marcus Cato, whose rich military experience was reflected in the pages of his works. The censor paid much attention to issues related to the division of war booty. The main aspect of fourth chapter discussed in this dissertation were the differences between capture and plunder works of art during the transition from the fourth utill the first century B.C. In the next chapter I presented how the Romans plunder and use weapon in the public space. The sixth chapter is in turn devoted to the various foundations of the ex manubiis, erected in Rome during the Republic. It has been divided into several subsections. In the first of them I thoroughly discuss all the temples on which the construction (whole or partial) was used spoils. On the other hand, I focus on other ex manubiis foundations, e.x. aqueducts, porticos, theaters or forums. The final part of the dissertation was devoted to summarize and verify the research problems presented in the introduction. The supplement also includes an annex consisting of three tables. The first two ex-works were distinguished by ex manubiis (Table. 1 - temples) (Table 2. - other monuments). In the third, works of art brought to Rome as a result of looting.